| A | B |
|---|
| This is the creation of layers of people who possess unequal shares of scarce resources. | Social Stratification |
| Each layer in a stratified system in called a social __________. | Class |
| What is a social class? | A segment of the population whose members hold similar amounts of scarce resources and share values, norms, and a lifestyle. |
| According to Karl Marx, those who have the means of production are called the ___________. | Bourgeoisie |
| According to Karl Marx, those who worked for wages were called the __________. | Proletariet |
| The amount of money received within a given time period to an individual or group. | Income |
| All economic resources possessed by an individual or group. | wealth |
| Who controls most of the resources in the United States? | the rich |
| The ability to control the behavior of others, even against their will. | power |
| Recognition, respect, and admiration attached to social positions. | Prestige |
| Who determines what is prestigious? | society |
| Which sociological perspective believes that stratification assures that the most qualified people fill the most important positions? | Functionalists |
| According to functionalists, why does inequality exist? | because certain jobs are more important than others and these jobs involve training. |
| This sociological theory states that inequality exists because some people are willing to exploit others. | Conflict Theory |
| This is the term Marx gave to the idea that the working class accepted the values and ideas of the capitalists. | False consciousness |
| This sociological perspective states that through socialization, people are taught that their class is a result of effort. | Symbolic Interactionism |
| What is class consciousness? | Identification with the goals and interests of a social class |
| According to our textbook, have Americans developed a sense class consciousness? | no |
| What are the social classes that are usually identified in the United States? | Upper class, Middle Class, Working Class, Working Poor, and the Underclass |
| In the upper class, what is the difference between the upper-upper class andthe upper-lower class? | The upper upper class have received their wealth through their families where the upper-lower class have earned their income rather than inheriting it. |
| To which class do most Americans feel they belong? | Middle Class |
| This class is comprised of people employed in low skill jobs with the lowest pay who do not earn enough to rise out of poverty. | The Working Poor |
| This class is comprised of people typically employed who came from families that have been poor for generations. | The Underclass |
| What is the most common shared characteristic of people in the underclass? | They lack skills needed to obtain jobs that pay enough to meet basic needs. |
| The absense of enough money to secure life's necessities. | Absolute poverty |
| A measure of poverty based on the economic disparity between tehose at teh bottom of society and the rest of society. | Relative poverty |
| This type of poverty explains why poverty in the United States is different than poverty in India. | relative poverty |
| How is poverty measured in the United States? | annual income level |
| Which groups of people typically fall into the category of poor? | minorities, female headed households, children under 18, elderly, people with disabilities, and people who live alone or with non-relatives. |
| Which group of people have the highest rate of poverty for any age group in the United States? | children under 6 |
| This is a trend in U.S. society in which women and children make up an increasing proportion of the poor. | Feminization of poverty |
| Which President started the war on poverty? | Lyndon B. Johnson |
| Does welfare make up a large percentage of the United Sates' budget? | no |
| The movement of people between social classes. | Social mobility |
| This type of social mobility is changing status at the same level. | Horizontal mobility |
| This type of mobility is when you move up or down a class. | Verticle mobility |
| This type of mobility is vertical movement that takes place across a generation. | Intergenerational mobility |
| This is a stratification structure that does not allow for social mobility. | Caste system |
| In this type of system, social status is inherited and can't be changed. Your status and occupation are assigned with birth. | Caste or closed class system |
| What is the lowest level in India's caste system? | untouchables |
| This is a system in which social class is based on merit and individual effort and movement is allowed between classes. | Open class system |
| What is one effect of downward mobility? | lower self-esteem |
