| A | B |
|---|
| Renaissance | French word means "rebirth." |
| Humanism | Belief in the importance and power of the human mind. |
| Italian city-states | Florence, Venice, Pisa, and Genoa. Families competed for power and for impressive art and achievements. |
| Leonardo da Vinci | Renaissance inventor, painter and sculptor. One of the greatest minds in human history. |
| The Last Supper | 15’ by 30’ on the wall of an Italian church. Moment after Jesus tells his disciples “One of you will betray me.” |
| Mona Lisa | Most valuable painting the world by da Vinci. |
| Michelangelo | Painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel and sculpted David. |
| William Shakespeare | Greatest English, possibly human playwright ever. "To be or not to be." |
| Copernicus | Author of the heliocentric theory. The Earth rotates and is moving! Published as a theory so as to not offend the Church! |
| Galileo | Wrote vigorously in support of Copernicus’ theory! Said it was a FACT. The Earth moved around the sun! Imprisoned by the Church. |
| Martin Luther | Troubled monk extremely concerned about going to Hell. How do you know for sure? Studied the Bible thoroughly for himself to find the answers. Started to have different ideas from the Church. |
| “Justification by faith and faith alone” | Luther's idea. Only faith in God and Jesus can get you to Heaven. Nothing else – not by good works. |
| “Individual priesthood” | Luther's idea. Don’t need a priest to tell you what the wisdom of the Bible. Anyone person could read it for themselves. |
| Indulgencies | Documents that freed their owners from the penalties of sin. |
| Purgatory | Wait here for a time to work off the penalty for sins then you go to heaven. Unless you have an indulgence |
| Limbo | Realm of unbaptized babies. |
| 95 Theses | 1517 A.D. Luther posts a statement of his beliefs on the church door in Wittenberg, Germany. Only God forgives sin, not the church, not anyone else. |
| Gutenberg Printing Press | 1440 A.D. movable carved letters that could now print off books, pamphlets, etc. Books faster, cheaper, easier. Ideas are everywhere quickly! |
| Protestants | Those who protest against the Catholic Church. |
| Lutheran Church | Luther’s Church. Christianity is divided. Much of Catholic Church ritual is discarded. |
| John Calvin | Creates a religious theocracy in the Geneva, Switzerland. Law based on a literal interpretation of the Bible |
| Theocracy | Government by religious law or church governement. |
| Literal interpretation (fundamentalism) | Bible is fact. Stories are not symbolic, but literal. |
| Total depravity of mankind | Humans are sinful, beastly creatures. Strict moral law necessary to control them. |
| Salvation of the Elect - 144,000 | Only 144,000 souls can be saved. Want to be one of the elect. |
| Henry VIII | King of England. Wrote a book against Protestantism. Given title “Defender of the Faith.” Starts his own church to get a divorce. |
| Anglican Church | Church of England. Same rituals and structure as the Catholic Church. Only real differences – King is head of the Church and you can get a divorce. |
| Jesuits | Monkish teachers who use reason and good deeds to win back the Protestants. |
| Spanish Armada | 1588 Philip II of Spain sends a massive fleet of 130 galleons – triple tiered ships, with dozens of cannons to invade and conquer England and make it Catholic once more – Crusade! |
| 30 Years War | Catholic and Protestant Germans turn on each other. Sweden, Denmark, France all get involved in the war to support their religion. |
| St. Peter’s Basilica | (1570) Renaissance Church in Vatican City, Rome. Commemorates the spot of St. Peter’s burial. Peter a.k.a. “The Rock” |
| Machiavelli | "End justifies the means" |
| Crusades, Marco Polo, and Universities | Reasons why the Renaissance began in the 1500s |
| David | Famous statue of Michelangelo. Modeled by Mr. Herman. |
| "To be or not to be." "A plague on both your houses." | Shakesperean sayings. |
| Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, Macbeth | Famous plays of William Shakespeare |
| Catholic Church | The one church of the Middle Ages |
| St. Peter | Disciple of Jesus who Jesus called "the rock upon which I shall build my church." He died and is buried in Rome. |
| Black plague and Hundred Years War | Two events tore Europe apart in the 1300s |
| Elect | Those predetermined by God to go to Heaven |
| Beheadings and burnings | Typical punishments in Calvin's Geneva |
| Tithes | Church tax. 10% of your income. |
