| A | B |
|---|
| Vertebral Column | The spine. |
| Cranium | The skull. |
| Class Agnatha | Lampreys & Hagfishes. |
| Class Chondrichthyes | Sharks, Rays, and Skates. |
| Class Osteichthyes | Bony Fishes. |
| Gill Arches | The skeletal elements that support the pharynx. |
| Lateral Line System | A row of sensory structures that run the length of the fish's body on each side and that are connected by nerves to the brain. |
| External Fertilization | Fertilization that occurs outside the body of the female. |
| Cartilage | a flexible, lightweight material made of cells surrounded by tough fibers of protein. |
| Placoid scales | Small tooth-like spines that feel like sandpaper. |
| Pectoral fins | Fins found just behind the head of a shark like airplane wings. |
| Olfactory bulbs | Where information from the nostrils is analyzed. |
| Rectal gland | Located in the posterior section of the intestine removes excess sodium and chloride ions from the blood and releases them into the rectum for elimination. |
| Internal Fertilization | Fertilization the occurs when sperm is deposited into the female's body. |
| Claspers | Modified pelvic fins used to transfer sperm from male to female sharks. |
| Swim bladder | A gas-filled sac that is used to control bouyancy. |
| Scales | Used to protect the fish and reduce water resitance. |
| Lobe-finned fishes | Fish that have fleshy fins that are supported by a series of bones. |
| Ray-finned fishes | Fish that have fins that are supported by long, segmented, flexible bony elements called rays. |
| Operculum | A hard plate that opens at the rear and covers the gills. |
| Caudal fin | The fin that extends from the tail. |
| Dorsal fins | There are usually two one anterior and one posterior. |
| Ventral fin | Keeps the fish upright and moving in a straight line. |
| Pelvic fins | Used to navigate, stop, move up and down, and even back up. |
| Pectoral girdle | The attachment point for the pectoral fins. |
| Pelvic girdle | The attachment point for the pelvic fins. |
| Stomach | Secretes acid that begin to break down food. |
| Liver | Secretes bile to help break down fats. |
| Bile | Used to break down fats. |
| Gall bladder | Stores bile and secretes it into the intestine. |
| Pancreas | Located near the stomach, it releases digestive enzymes into the intestine in order to break down sugars. |
| Arteries | Carries blood away from the heart. |
| Capillaries | Small, thin-walled vessles. |
| Veins | Returns blood to the heart. |
| Sinus venosus | Where deoxygenated blood returns to. |
| Atrium | Where blood moves after it is in the sinus venosus. |
| Ventricle | The main pumping chamber of the heart. |
| Conus arteriosus | Smooths the flow of blood from the heart. |
| Countercurrent flow | Allows more oxygen to diffuse at the gills. |
| Urine | Contains ammonia, ions, and water. It is created from these things as they are removed from the blood by the kidneys. |
| Urinary Bladder | Where urine is stored until it can be expelled. |
| Cranial nerves | How the sensory organs are connected to the brain. |
| Cerebrum | The forebrain, has areas of integrate sensory and other types of information. |
| Optic tectum | Recieves and processes information from the fish's visual, auditory, and lateral line systems. |
| Cerebellum | Part of the hindbrain that helps coordinate motor output. |
| Medulla oblongata | Part of the hindbrain that helps control some body functions and acts as a relay station for stimuli from sensory receptors throughout the fish's body. |
| Spinal nerves | Connect the spinal cord with the internal organs. |
| Spawning | Reproductive behavior in bony fishes. |
