| A | B |
|---|
| Polar | Uneven pattern of charge. |
| Hydrogen bond | The type of attraction that holds two water molecules together. |
| Cohesion | An attractive force between particles of the same kind. |
| Adhesion | The attractive force between unlike substances. |
| Capillarity | Adhesion and cohesion allow water to move upward through narrow tubes against the force of gravity. |
| Organic compounds | Contain carbon atoms that are covalently bonded to other carbon atoms and to other elements as well. |
| Functional groups | In organic compounds, clusters of atoms influence the properties of the molecules they compose. |
| Alcohol | An organic compound with a hydroxyl group attached to one of the carbon atoms. |
| Monomers | The molecules built up from smaller simpler molecules. |
| Polymer | Monomers bonding together to form a complex molecule. |
| Macromolecules | Large polymers. |
| Condensation reaction | Monomers link to form polymers through a chemical reaction with one molecule of water being formed. |
| Hydrolysis | The reversal of the condensation reaction, the addition of water to some complex molecules can break the bonds that hold them together. |
| Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) | Energy available to cells to carry on life processes. |
| Carbohydrates | Organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in the ratio of about to hydrogen atoms to one oxygen atom. |
| Monosaccharide | Monomer of a carbohydrate, simple sugar. |
| Isomers | Compounds with a single chemical formula but different structural forms. |
| Disaccharide | Two monosaccharides combined to from a double sugar. |
| Polysaccharide | Complex molecule composed of three or more monosaccharides. |
| Proteins | Organic compounds composed mainly of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. |
| Amino acids | The monomer building blocks of proteins, all sharing a basic structure, there are twenty of them. |
| Dipeptide | Two amino acids bonded together. |
| Peptide bond | A special covalent bond formed when two amino acids join. |
| Polypeptide | Amino acids bonded together forming a very long chain. |
| Substrate | Enzyme reactions depend on a physical fit between the enzyme molecule and the reactant being catalyzed. |
| Lipids | Large non-polar organic molecules that do not dissolve in water. |
| Fatty acids | Unbranched carbon chains that make up most lipids. |
| Hydrophilic | Water loving. |
| Hydrophobic | Water fearing. |
| Triglyceride | Composed of three molecules of fatty acid joined to one molecule of the alcohol glycerol. |
| Phospholipids | Two fatty acids joined by a molecule of glycerol. |
| Wax | Type of structural lipid that consists of a long fatty acid chain joined to a long alcohol chain. |
| Steroid | Composed of four fused carbon rings with various functional groups attached to them. |
| Nucleic acids | Very large and complex organic molecules that store important information in the cell. |
| Ribonucleic acid (RNA) | Stores and transfers information that is essential for the manufacturing of proteins. |
| Nucleotides | Thousands of linked monomers, made up of a phosphate group, a five-carbon sugar, and a ring-shaped nitrogen base. |
