| A | B |
|---|
| Polar Molecules defined | Molecules where one end has a positive charge and the other a negative charge |
| Non-Polar example | Carbon DiOxide |
| Polar Example | Water |
| Mixture that does not form a solution | combination of polar and non-polar molecules |
| Protons and charge | Positively Charged particles |
| Neutrons and charge | Particles with no charge |
| Electrons and charge | negatively charged particles |
| Atomic Number | number of protons |
| Atomic mass of an element | Average atomic weight of an element |
| Found in nucleus of an atom | proton and neutron |
| Atom | Smallest unit of an element that still has all the properties of that element |
| Atomic weight of an atom | sum of number of protons and neutrons of an atom |
| Electronegativity | The desire (or lack of desire) for an electron |
| Ion | An atom that has a different number of electrons from the number of protons |
| Periodic Table | Chart of known elements by atomic number |
| Noble Gases | Elements that do not bond to other elements |
| Molecule | Two or more chemically bonded atoms |
| Octet rule | Atoms are most stable if they have 8 electrons in their outermost shell |
| First column in the periodic table | elements with only one electron in their outermost shell |
| Isotopes | atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons |
| K | Name of the first electron shell |
| L | Name of the second electron shell |
| Maximum number of electrons in K shell | 2 |
| Maximum number of electrons in L shell | 8 |
| Number of protons in carbon | 6 |
| Number of protons in Hydrogen | 1 |
| Covalent bond | When an electron is shared between to atoms |
| Ionic bond | When two atoms are closely associated because of a difference in charge between them. |
| Hydrogen bond | A weak bond caused by differnce in electrongeitive atom (O or N) and a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to another atom |
| List 3 most important bonds in order from strongest to weakest | covalent, ionic, hydrogen |
| Planet has about how many natural elements in it? | 90 |
| ABOUT how many elements are found in living organisms | 25 |
| Chemical properties of elements are most strongly set by what | number of electrons in their valence shell |
| Valence number | Number of electrons in the outer shell of an atom |
| Acid | releases or gives up proton(Hydrogen nucleus) |
| Base | Accepts proton(Hydrogen nucleus) |
| In a mixture Polar + Polar yield | solution |
| In a mixture Nonpolar + Nonpolar yield | solution |
| In a mixture Polar + Nonpolar yield | NO solution materials stay separated. |
