| A | B |
|---|
| Who were bodhisattvas? | They were potential Buddhas, who could give up nirvana and do good works & practice self-sacrifice to help save humanity. |
| Who were the Mahayana? | a sect of Buddhism that offers salvation to all and allows popular worship. |
| Who were the Theravada? | A sect of Buddhism focusing on the strict spiritual discipline that was originally advocated by the Buddha |
| What were stupas? | They were mounded structures of stone built over holy relics; wealthy Buddhists wanting to do good deeds paid to have these built. |
| Why had people become removed from Hinduism by the time of the Mauryan Empire? | The sacrificial rituals had become complex and could only be performed by priests. The common people could no longer sacrifice. |
| As Hinduism evolved, who were the two most popular gods? | Vishnu (preserver of the world) & Shiva, destroyer of the world. The trend was away from worshipping hundreds of gods. |
| Who was Kalidasa? | He may have been court poet for Chandra Gupta II (reigned a.D.375-415). He wrote Shakuntala (178). |
| What was Madurai? | City in sourther Inda that was the site of writing academies; more than 2000 Tamil poems still exist. |
| From what time period do most of the classical dance forms in India today come? | Between the first century V.C. and the first century A.D. |
| How did Indians learn about calendars? | From Greek invaders |
| How did Indian astronomers prove the earth was round? | They observed a lunar eclipse and saw the earth's shadow was curved. |
| Who was Aryabhata? | Indian mathmetician who calculated the value of pi; he also calculated the length of the solar year. |
| What were India's resources? | spices, diamonds, sapphires, gold, pearls, beautiful woods |
| What were the Silk Roads? | Caravan routes that went across Cnetral Asia; traders carried silk and traded for other goods. |
| What are middlemen? | They are go-betweens in business transactions (180). |
| What water route did traders take when going between India and Rome? | They used coastal routes around the rim of the Arabian Sea and up the Persian Gulf. |
| From where did Indian traders get spices to sell to Roman merchants? | The sailed to SE Asia to get them to trade. |
| Besides Rome, with whom else did India trade? | Africa(ivory & gold) for cotton cloth; rice & wheat to Arabia in exchange for dates & horses; sea trade with China--Indian cotton cloth, monkeys, parrots, elephants for silk. |
| Compare interest charged by banks in the Mauryan times with those during the Gupta Empire. | Mauryan: 240$ for overseas trade; Gupta: 15-20%!! |
| As Indian merchants started living abroad, what Indian cultural ideas spread? | Styles in art, architecture, dance, religions. |
| In what countried was Indian influence especially strong as Indian merchants began living elsewhere? | Thailand, Cambodia, Java (island in Indonesian chain) |
