| A | B |
|---|
| The second step in gene expression is ___. | Translation |
| Translation occurs outside the ____ at a ____. | Nucleus / ribosome |
| During translation, ____ ____ are linked by ____ bonds to form proteins. | Amino acids / peptide |
| The ____ sequence of mRNA directs the ____ sequence of the protein. | Nucleotide or base / amino acid |
| The building blocks of RNA are ____. | Nucleotides |
| All RNA nucleotides have the same ____ and ____ but there are 4 possibilities for the third component, the nitrogenous ___. | Sugar / phosphate / base |
| Each group of 3 bases on mRNA is called a ____. | Codon or base triplet |
| Each codon stands for a specific ____ ____. | Amino acid |
| The first amino acid in a protein is ____, which is represented by the codon ___. | Methionine / AUG |
| The 3 nonsense codons are: | UAG, UAA, UGA |
| Nonsense codons signal the ____ of the protein. | End |
| The genetic code is redundant: this means that most ___ ___ are represented by more than one codon. | Amino acids |
| The genetic code is ____; that means it is basically the same in all living organisms. | Universal |
| Although there are 61 codons that represent amino acids, there are only ____ amino acids used in making proteins. | 20 |
| How many types of RNA are needed for translation? | All three |
| What is the function of mRNA in translation? | Brings the instructions for the sequence of amino acids. |
| What is the function of rRNA in translation? | Reads the mRNA. |
| What is the function of tRNA? | Brings the amino acids to the ribosome. |
| What is a codon? | Group of 3 adjacent bases on mRNA. |
| What is an anticodon? | Group of 3 prominent bases in the large loop of tRNA. |
| How do codons and anticodons relate to each other? | Complementary |
| True or false: any tRNA can pick up and carry any amino acid. | False--tRNAs are specific to one amino acid. |
| The bonds formed by enzymes of the ribosome that hold the amino acids together are called ___ bonds. | Peptide |
| A strand of mRNA has approximately ___ times as many bases as there are amino acids in its protein. | 3X (It takes 3 bases to represent 1 amino acid.) |
