| A | B |
|---|
| How long was the Zhou Dynasty in power? | for at least 8 centuries: 1027 B.C. to 256 B.C. |
| What were the 5 basic relationships that Confucius said society needed? | relationships between: 1) ruler & subject; 2) father & son; 3) husband & wife; 4) older brother & younger one; 5) friend & friend. |
| Confucius advocated filial piety. What is it? | It's respect given by children to parents and elders. |
| What did Confucius accomplish as Minister of Justice? | His kindness and courtesy caught on, and crime vanished from Lu. However, when the duke changed, Confucious resigned. |
| What are the Analects? | Confucius' students collected his words in this book. |
| Who was Mencius? | One of Confucius' students who helped spread Confucius' ideas. |
| Confucius' ideas laid the groundwork for bureaucracy; define bureaucracy. | It's a system of dept. & agencies formed to carry out government work |
| According to Confucius, what were the 4 virtues of a gentleman? | courteous in private life; punctilious with master; kind and benificent to the people; just. |
| What is Daoism and who started it? | Laozi gave this philosophy; it said people should be guided by a universal force called Dao. Only humans failed to follow Dao. |
| What did the Legalists believe? | a highly efficient and powerful gov't. was the key to restoring order. Gov't. should us the law to end civil disorder & restore harmony. |
| Who founded Legalism? | Hanfeizo and Li Si started it. |
| What was stressed in Legalism? | Punishment was stressed over rewards. |
| Why was there limited criticism of a Legalistic ruler? | Legalists told rulers to burn all writings that might encourage people to be critical of gov't. |
| What did people do when they consulted the I Ching? | Readers threw set of coins, interpreted the results, and read the appropriate oracle in the book. |
| What are yin and yang? | 2 powers that govern natural rhythems of life (yin=female qualities in universe; yang=the male) |
| How did I Ching and yin and yang help the Chinese? | They helped the Chinese understand how they fit into the world. |
| What was the Qin Dynasty? | It was a short-lived Chinese dynasty that replaced the Zhou Dynasty in the third century B.C. |
| Who was the Shi Huangdi? | The "First Emperor" of the Qin Dynasty. He doubled the size of China adn was determined to unify China. |
| What measures did the Qin emperor take to unify China? | He crushed political opposition at home, commanded noble families to live near him, seized the nobles' land, murdered hundred of Confucian scholars, had most books burned. |
| What types of books survived the book burnings of Li Su and the Qin emperor? | practical books about things like medicine & farming. |
| Define autocracy. | It's a gov't. in which a ruler has unlimited power and uses it in an arbitrary way. |
| What were some of the things Shi Huangdi's centralization program included? | Roads were built; Chinese writing was standardized; law, currency, weight & measures were standardized; irrigation projects were done; trade increased. |
| Why did Shi Huangdi fail to become popular despite his program of centralization and progress? | He issued harsh taxes and ruled using repression:forced labor, book burning.. |
| Who built the Great Wall of China? | Poor people were forced by Shi Huangdi to work on it. Smaller walls had been built. |
| What Dynasty came after the Qin Dynasty? | By 202 B.C., the Han Dynasty took over. |
