| A | B |
|---|
| How was Liu Bang different from Shi Huangdi? | Liu Bang was kinder, lowering taxes and reducing the harshness of punishments. |
| When Liu Bang died in 195 B.C., who became ruler? | His son did, but in name only. Empress Lu, his mother, really ruled. |
| In 180 B.C., what happened Empress Lu's relatives? | They were executed after Empress Lu died. |
| Who was the longest ruling Han emperor? | Wudi was. |
| How large was China when Wudi left power? | It stretched almost to the bounds of current China. |
| Who paid taxes under Han emperors? | Peasants owed a part of their annual crops to the gov't., & merchants also paid taxes. |
| Besides taxes, what did the gov't. require of peasants during the Han dynasty? | They had to give one month of labor or of military service every year! |
| What are civil service jobs? | They are gov't. jobs that civilians can get by earning a certain score on an examination. |
| Why did Wudi want to hire Confucius scholars for gov't. officials? | Confucius emphasized "reverence, generosity, truthfulness, diligence, and kindness", and Wudi wanted these qualities in his officials. |
| After gov't. hopefuls completed their courses at Wudi's school, what kind of test did they take? | An exam in history, law, literature, and Confucianism. |
| What Chinese invention affected all aspects of Chinese life and helped spread education throughout China? | Paper |
| What were some Chinese advances in farming under the Hans? | a collar harness (horses could pull heavier loads); a two bladed plow; better iron tools; invention of the wheelbarrow; use of watermills to grind grain. |
| What was the most honored occupation in China under the Hans? Why? | Agriculture because there were so many people to feed (60 million!). |
| What industrial monopolies did the Han gov't. have? | Mining of salt, forging of iron, minting of coins, brewing of alcohol. |
| What is a monopoly? | It's a groups exclusive right to control production & distribution of certain goods/products. |
| What were the Silk Roads? | Trade routes that got their name from the huge demand for silk manufactured in China (Chinese kept their techniques of silk production a secret). |
| What is assimilation? | It is the adoption of a conqueror's culture by the conquered people. |
| How did the Chinese gov't. encourage assimilation? | They sent Chinese farmers to settle newly acquired areas; encouraged intermarriage; set up schools to teach Confucianism; books also helped. |
| Who was Sima Qian? | Chinese writer who compiled a history of China from ancient dynasties to Wudi. Book=Records of the Grand Historian. |
| Who was Ban Biao? | Chinese writer who started writing the Histoyr of the Former Han Dynasty. When Ban died, his son Ban Gu and daughter Ban Zhao worked on it. She also wrote Lessons for Women. |
| What was the role of women in Confucius' view? | They were to devote themselves to their families. Nuns and a few upper-class women broke the mold and got some education. |
| In the Han Dynasty, why was economic imbalance a huge problem? | It allowed the rich to gain more wealth at the expense of the poor. |
| How did the gap between rich and poor in China increase under the Hans? | Family land was divided equally among father's male heirs; farmers couldn't afford to buy more land, so amounts of inherited land decreased each generation. Less land to cultivate meant greater debt; landowners often took land to pay for peasant's debt. Gov't had less land to tax then. |
| What was the Former Han? | It ws the first half of the Han Dynasty. |
| When did the Former Han end? | When Wang Mang took control in A.D.9 |
| When Wang Mang increased the supply of money in China, what effect did it have on the economy? | It let people increase spending, so merchants raised prices (supply & demand), again disrupting the economy. |
| What is the period from A.D. 25 to 220 called? | The Later Han Dynasty. |
| Compare Han China to the Roman Empire. | SEE CHART ON PG. 187. |
