| A | B |
|---|
| What city was the center of culture and Islamic learning prior to the building of Baghdad? | Damascus; it was also know for the cloth damask and for outstanding steel swords & armor. |
| What was the capital of the Umayyad Dynasty? | Cordoba was. |
| What was the capital of the Fatamid Dynasty? | Cairo was. |
| Who was al-Mansur? | He was an Abbasid caliph who chose Baghdad for his capital. |
| Describe the basic plan of Baghdad. | It was circular with three circular protective walls. In the middle was the caliph's palace of marble & stone and the grand mosque; at first, the main streets between the middle wall & palace had shops, but they later moved outside the walls. |
| Name the four social classes in Baghdad. | Muslims at birth; converts to Islam; "protected people", including Christians, Jews, and Zoroastrians; slaves. |
| What rights did Muslim women have? | Legal rights in marriage, family, and propety; care of widows and orphans, divorce, and protection of a woman's inheritance share were in the Qur'an. |
| What responsibilities did Muslim women have? | It varied with husband's income. All raised children. Poor women worked with husband in fields; wealthier ones supervised household & servants & could get an education. It it's early days, Muslim women could participate in public life, too. |
| What types of things motivated Muslim interest in science? | Rulers wanted qualified physicians around them; correct calculation for times of prayer and for the direction of Mecca were important; there was curiosity and a quest for truth. |
| What was the House of Wisdom and how did it start? | It was a combination of a library, academy, and translation center in Baghdad started by Caliph al-Ma'mun. Here, texts were translated from Greence, India, Persia, and elsewhere into Arabic. |
| Identify al-Razi. | He was a great physician; he wrote an encyclopedia, the Comprehensive Book, a comprehensive (for that time) medical reference book. He also wrote a Treatise on Smallpox and Measles. |
| How did al-Razi determine the locations for hospitals? | He hung shreds of meat around Maghdad and observed whih shred spoiled more slowly; hospitals were located there ("cleaner air"). |
| How did Muslim scientists differ from men like Aristotle in their approach to problem solving? | Aristotle used logical reasoning; Muslim scientists used experiments in laboratory settings. |
| Identify al-jabr. Who started it? | Al-Khwarizmi started it; it is now called algebra. |
| How did Muslims get intersted in astronomy? | They neede to fulfill 3 of the 5 Pillars of Islam: fasting during Ramadan, performing the hajj, and praying toward Mecca. They needed a correct lunar calendar. |
| How was trigonometry started? | It was started to correctly calculate where prayers should face to be looking towards Mecca; cartographers then illustrated this information. |
| What is an armillary sphere? | It was used by astonomers to calculate the time of day or year; they did so by alighing the top rings with various starts (picture, pg. 245). |
| What was an astrolabe used for in the Muslim world? | It helped measure the angles of the sun and stars above the horizon (245). |
| Who was Ibn Rushd? | He was a Muslim philosopher who tried to harmonize Aristotle's and Plato's ideas with Islam's, saying all three aimed to finding the truth. |
| Identify Moses Ben Maimon (Maimonides). | He was a Jewish physician & philosopher; he wrote The Guide to the Perplexed, blending philosophy, religion, and science. |
| What ideals are celebrated in Bedouin poems? | bravery, love, generosity, and hospitality. |
| What is the standard for wall Arabic literature and poetry? | The Qur'an |
| What did the poetry of the Sufis reveal? | It concentrated on mystical experiences with God. |
| Identify Rumi. | He was the greatest Sufi poet. |
| What was The Thousand and One Nights? | It was a collection of entertaining stories, including fairy tales, parables, and legends. |
| What was considered idolatry in Islam? | The depiction of any lifing being, as only Allah could create life |
| What is calligraphy? | an art of beautiful handwriting |
