| A | B |
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| The double helix of DNA is often compared to a ladder. The ____ and ____ make up the uprights of the ladder and the ____ _____ form the rungs. | Sugars / phosphates / nitrogenous bases |
| The building blocks of DNA are called ____. | Nucleotides |
| Name the 3 parts of a DNA nucleotide. | Sugar (dexoyribose, a pentose or 5-carbon sugar); phosphate group; nitrogenous base |
| The DNA base complementary to adenine is ____. | Thymine |
| The DNA base complementary to guanine is ___. | Cytosine |
| In the double helix form, complementary DNA bases are linked to each other by ____ bonds. | Hydrogen |
| The entire genetic makeup of an organism is its ___. | Genotype |
| Expressed properties of genes are responsible for the ___ of the organism. | Phenotype |
| A bacterium has been able to make an enzyme needed to synthesize the amino acid leucine. It no longer has that ability. This is a change in ____. | Genotype |
| A bacterium has not been making an enzyme needed to synthesize leucine, but placed in a medium that does not contain leucine, the bacterium begins to make the enzyme needed to synthesize it. This is a change in ____. | Phenotype |
| The enzyme responsible for twisting, looping and folding the bacterial chromosome is ___ ____. | DNA gyrase |
| Introns are found in ____ chromosomes but not in ____ chromosomes. | Eukaryotic / prokaryotic |
| DNA replication is described as semiconservative because_________. | The 2 DNA strands separate and a complementary strand to each is synthesized. Now each of the 2 copies of the DNA has one original strand and one newly synthesized strand. |
| The name of the enzyme that catalyzes replication of the DNA is ___ ___. | DNA polymerase |
| The two complementary strands of DNA in the double helix are described as antiparallel because___________. | Each one is upside down compared to the other. |
| As a new stand of DNA is being synthesized, one nucleotide at a time, new nucleotides can only be added to the ____ end. | 3` (read 3 prime) |
| The area where the 2 strands of DNA begin to separate for replication is called the ___ ___. | Replication fork |
| As complementary strands of DNA are synthesized during replication, the one that can be synthesized continuously in the 5` to 3` direction is called the ___ strand. | Leading |
| As complementary strands of DNA are synthesized during DNA replication, the one that must be synthesized in little bits and later spliced is called the ____ strand. | Lagging |
| As DNA replication occurs, each new strand of DNA must begin with a small section of ____ called a ____. | RNA / primer |
| The small bits of RNA that begin each short section of the lagging strand are called ____ ____. | Okazaki fragments |
| The enzyme ____ ____ is responsible for joining the bits of the lagging strand to each other. | DNA ligase |
| To ensure that each base in newly synthesized complementary strands of DNA is the proper one and truly complementary to the original strand, the enzyme ___ ___ evaluates the newly synthesized strands. | DNA polymerase |
