| A | B |
|---|
| Czar Nicholas II | The royal leader of the Russian Empire |
| Revolution of 1905 | The failed attempt to overthrow the Czar's government. |
| proletariat | This refers to the class of factory workers, railroad workers, miners, and urban workers. |
| Rasputin | An illiterate peasant and self-proclaimed holy man. |
| soviets | Councils of workers and soldiers. |
| Bolsheviks | The name of the radical socialist group. |
| V.I. Lenin | The leader of the Bolsheviks. |
| "Peace, land, and bread" | What Lenin and the Bolsheviks promised the Russian people. |
| Red Guards | The armed factory workers. |
| Cheka | The secret police force. |
| war communism | A policy whereupon the Communists took over the banks, mines, factories, and railroads. |
| commissars | The Communist party officials assigned to the army to teach party principles. |
| Soviet Union | The new government under Lenin united much of the old Russian empire to form this new country. |
| New Economic Policy | Lenin adopted this. It allowed some capitalistic ventures, although the state kept control of the banks, foreign trade, and large industry. |
| Joseph Stalin | He would become the new leader of the Soviet Union after Lenin's death in 1924. |
| Leon Trotsky | Stalin's main opponent to succeed Lenin following Lenin's death. |
| "man of steel" | This is what "Stalin" means in Russian. |
| Five-year plans | Stalin proposed these. They were aimed at building heavy industry, improving transportation, and increasing farm output. |
| command economy | This is where the government officials make all the basic economic decisions for a nation. |
| collectives | Large farms owned and operated by peasants as a group. |
| kulaks | Wealthy peasants. |
| Great Purge | In this reign of terror, Stalin and his secret police cracked down on Old Bolsheviks, or party activists from the early days. |
| Comintern | This aided revolutionary groups around the world and urged colonial peoples to rise up against imperialist powers. |
| Red Scare | In the United States, this refers to Americans' fear of Bolshevik plots. |
| totalitarian state | In this form of government, a one-party dicatorship attempts to regulate every aspect of the lives of its citizens |
| Pravda | The Communist party newspaper. |
| atheism | This belief that there is no god became an official state policy under Stalin. |
| socialist realism | Stalin forced artists and writers to adopt this style which showed Soviet life in a positive light. |
