| A | B |
|---|
| viceroy | an official who rules an area in the name of a king or queen. |
| Laws of the Indies | told where to plant, how to raise cattle, and where to build towns. It brought order to the Spanish colonies. |
| Pueblos | These were towns that were centers of trade and farming. |
| Presidios | These were forts where the Spanish soldiers lived |
| Missions | These were religious settlements run by Catholic priests and friars. |
| peninsulares | Top of the social scale. Born in Spain and held the highest jobs in the new world. |
| creoles | Born in the Americas to Spanish parents. They were the well educated and resented the peninsulares. |
| mestizos | These were people of mixed Spanish and Indian backgrounds. They worked as carpenters, shoemakers, tailors,etc. |
| encomiendas | This was the right to demand labor or taxes from Native Americans living on the land. |
| plantations | large landed estates farmed by many native americans. |
| Las Casas | Catholic priest who begged the King of Spain to make laws which would protect the Native Americans. |
| disease | this silent killer was responsibile for most of the deaths of Native Americans. |
| Las Casas solution to help Native Americans | Begin bringing African slaves to South America in 1517 |
| Juana Ines de la Cruz | poet and scholar of the 17th century. |
| St. Augustine | oldest European settlement in the present-day U.S. |
| Spanish Borderlands | area in the southwest part of the U.S. that was settled by Spain. |
| El Paso | 1st Spanish mission founded in Texas in 1659 |
| horses,cattle,pigs,goats,and chickens | animals introduced to the borderlands by the Spanish |
| potatoes,tomatoes,corn,and chocolate | foods introduced to the Spanish by Indians of the Americas |
| Southwest U.S., Mexico,Central America, South America | area ruled by the Spanish for about 300 years |
