| A | B |
|---|
| IN GENERAL, THE FIRST LINE OF DEFENSE AGAINST MICROBES COULD BE DESCRIBED AS: | KEEP THEM OUT BY SKIN & MUCOUS MEMBRANES (NON-SPECIFIC) |
| THE SECOND LINE OF DEFENSE, WHICH IS NEEDED IF THE FIRST LINE FAILS, INVOLVES: | PHAGOCYTOSIS, FEVER, INFLAMMATION, ANTIMICROBIAL SUBSTANCES (NON-SPECIFIC) |
| THE THIRD LINE OF DEFENSE IS: | IMMUNE RESPONSE--ACTIVATED T CELLS & ANTIBODIES (SPECIFIC) |
| MECHANICAL FACTORS INVOLVED IN THE FIRST LINE OF DEFENSE INCLUDE 6: | SKIN, MUCOUS MEMBRANES, LACRIMAL APPARATUS, SALIVARY GLANDS, MUCUS,VAGINAL SECRETIONS |
| CHEMICAL FACTORS INVOLVED IN THE FIRST LINE OF DEFENSE INCLUDE 4: | SEBUM, LYSOZYME,GASTRIC JUICE,TRANSFERRINS |
| NORMAL FLORA ORGANISMS ALSO CONTRIBUTE TO NON-SPECIFIC DEFENSES IN 3 WAYS: | COMPETITION, PRODUCING SUBSTANCES HARMFUL TO PATHOGENS,ALTERING ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS |
| 4 SIGNS OF INFLAMMATION ALWAYS PRESENT ARE: | HEAT, SWELLING, REDNESS, PAIN |
| A FIFTH SIGN OF INFLAMMATION, WHICH OCCURS IF DAMAGE IS SEVERE, IS: | LOSS OF FUNCTION |
| ANY TYPE OF ___ ___ TRIGGERS A RESPONSE CALLED INFLAMMATION. | TISSUE DAMAGE |
| 3 PURPOSES OF THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE: | DESTROY & REMOVE INVADING MICROBES & THEIR TOXINS, CONFINE OR WALL OFF MICROBES THAT CANNOT BE REMOVED, CLEAN UP AREA IN PREPARATION FOR REPAIR |
| FIRST STAGE OF INFLAMMATION: | VASODILATION & INCREASED PERMEABILITY |
| SECOND STAGE OF INFLAMMATION: | PHAGOCYTE MIGRATION TO AREA & PHAGOCYTOSIS |
| PHAGOCYTIC CELLS THAT ARRIVE FASTEST: | NEUTROPHILS |
| PHAGOCYTIC CELLS THAT ARRIVE MORE SLOWLY BUT PHAGOCYTIZE DEAD CELLS & DEBRIS AS WELL AS MICROBES: | WANDERING MACROPHAGES |
| THIRD STAGE OF INFLAMMATION: | TISSUE REPAIR |
| FEVER OCCURS WHEN THE BODY'S "THERMOSTAT," LOCATED IN THE ___ IS RESET TO A HIGHER TEMPERATURE. | HYPOTHALAMUS |
| THE CHEMICAL RELEASED FROM ACTIVE PHAGOCYTES WHICH BEGINS THE RESET OF THE BODY'S THERMOSTAT IS: | INTERLEUKIN-1 |
| INTERLEUKIN-1 CAUSES THE HYPOTHALAMUS TO RELEASE ___ WHICH ACTUALLY RESET THE THERMOSTAT. | PROSTAGLANDINS |
| LIST SOME BENEFITS OF FEVER: | MAY SLOW REPRODUCTION OF MICROBES, INTENSIFIES EFFECTS OF INTERFERONS,LIMITS IRON AVAILABLE TO MICROBES, MAY SPEED REPAIR |
