| A | B |
|---|
| GLOMERULAR FILTRATION, THE FIRST STEP IN URINE FORMATION, OCCURS IN THE ___ ___. | RENAL CORPUSCLE |
| DEFINE FILTRATION. | THE FORCING OF FLUIDS & DISSOLVED SUBSTANCES ACROSS A MEMBRANE BY PRESSURE. |
| IN GLOMERULAR FILTRATION, THE PRESSURE IS THE ___ ___. | BLOOD PRESSURE |
| IN GLOMERULAR FILTRATION, THE MEMBRANE IS THE ___ MEMBRANE. | FILTRATION |
| LARGE VOLUMES ARE FILTERED BECAUSE (3 REASONS): | GLOMERULAR CAPILLARIES PROVIDE A LARGE AREA FOR FILTRATION, THEY ARE LEAKY AND THE FILTRATION MEMBRANE IS THIN, & GLOMERULAR BP IS HIGH |
| WHAT ARRANGEMENT PROVIDES GLOMERULAR CAPILLARIES WITH A HIGHER BLOOD PRESSURE THAN OTHER CAPILLARIES IN THE BODY? | LARGER AFFERENT ARTERIOLE LEADING IN, SMALLER EFFERENT ARTERIOLE LEADING OUT |
| PRESSURE IN MOST CAPILLARIES IS ___ MM HG; IN GLOMERULAR CAPILLARIES IT IS ___ MM HG. | 30 / 55 (APPROXIMATELY) |
| A PERSON PRODUCES ABOUT ___ GALLONS (OR ___ LITERS) OF FILTRATE DAILY. | 48 / 180 |
| FILTRATE SHOULD CONTAIN ALL THINGS PRESENT IN PLASMA EXCEPT: | FORMED ELEMENTS, LARGE & MEDIUM PLASMA PROTEINS (WHICH IS ALMOST ALL OF THEM) |
| THE ONE FORCE THAT ENCOURAGES FILTRATION IS ___. | GBHP (GLOMERULAR BLOOD HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE) |
| THE 2 FORCES THAT OPPOSE FILTRATION ARE: | CHP (CAPSULAR HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE FROM FLUID ALREADY IN CAPSULAR SPACE) & BCOP (BLOOD COLLOID OSMITIC PRESSURE AS PROTEINS IN BLOOD TRY TO HOLD FLUID IN) |
| GFR--WHAT DOES IT STAND FOR & WHAT IS IT? | GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE--THE AMOUNT OF FILTRATE PRODUCED BY BOTH KIDNEYS IN ONE MINUTE |
| NET FILTRATION PRESSURE SHOULD BE: | 10 MM HG |
| RENAL AUTOREGULATION WORKS BY 2 MECHANISMS: | MYOGENIC MECHANISM & STOPPING SECRETION BY JUXTAGLOMERULAR APPARATUS OF VASOCONSTRICTOR SUBSTANCE THAT AFFECTS ONLY AFFERENT ARTERIOLES |
| IN TIMES OF LITTLE SYMPATHETIC STIMULATION, THE EFFECTS ON ALL RENAL VESSELS IS: | VASODILATION |
| MODERATE SYMPATHETIC STIMULATION CAUSES WHAT EFFECT ON BLOOD VESSELS WITHIN THE KIDNEY? | CONSTRICTION OF AFFERENT AND EFFERENT ARTERIOLES TO THE SAME DEGREE--LITTLE EFFECT ON GFR |
| STRONG SYMPATHETIC STIMULATION CAUSES WHAT EFFECT ON RENAL VESSELS? | GREATER CONSTRICTION OF AFFERENT THAN EFFERENT |
| DESCRIBE THE PRODUCTION OF ANGIOTENSIN II. | DECREASED BLOOD FLOW THRU KIDNEY CAUSES SECRETION OF ENZYME RENIN WHICH ACTIVATES ANGIOTENSINOGEN TO ANGIOTENSIN I; IN LUNGS ACE CONVERTS ANGIOTENSIN I TO ANGIOTENSIN II. |
| DESCRIBE EFFECTS OF ANGIOTENSIN II. | VASOCONSTRICTION, SECRETION OF ALDOSTERONE, RELEASE OF ADH, THIRST |
| DESCRIBE THE EFFECTS OF ATRIAL NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE. | PROMOTES EXCRETION OF SODIUM & WATER. |
| NAME THE 3 HORMONES SECRETED TO CAUSE INCREASED BLOOD VOLUME AND/OR VASOCONTRICTION WHEN SYSTEMIC BLOOD PRESSURE DROPS. | ANGIOTENSIN II, ADH, ALDOSTERONE |
| NAME THE HORMONE SECRETED TO PROMOTE LOSS OF SODIUM & WATER WHEN BLOOD VOLUME RISES. | ATRIAL NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE |
| THE 2 MAIN FACTORS THAT DETERMINE GFR ARE: | SYSTEMIC BLOOD PRESSURE & DIAMETER OF AFFERENT & EFFERENT ARTERIOLES |
| TO KEEP THE GFR CONSTANT DURING EVERYDAY SMALL FLUCTUATIONS OF BP, ___ ___ IS USUALLY SUFFICIENT. | RENAL AUTOREGULATION |
| ____ REGULATION DEALS WITH RELATIVELY LARGE FLUCTUATIONS IN SYSTEMIC BP, ESPECIALLY WHEN THEY INVOLVE A CHANGE IN BLOOD VOLUME. | HORMONAL |
| IF THE NET FILTRATION PRESSURE DROPS TO ZERO OR BELOW, NO URINE IS FORMED. THIS IS CALLED ___. | ANURIA |
