| A | B |
|---|
| snRNA | Small nuclear RNA, functions in a variety of nuclear processes, including the splicing of pre-mRNA. |
| snoRNA | Small nucleolar RNA, used to process and chemically modify rRNAs. |
| Sigma-factor | Detachable subunit of bacterial RNA polymerase. Neccessary to initiate transcription. |
| RNA polymerase I-III | Eucaryotic polymerases. Require general transcription factors. I transcribes rRNA. II all protein coding genes plus some, III the rest. |
| TFIID / TBP | A general transcription factor in eukaryotes. Contains the subunit TBP (TATA-binding protein). |
| CDT | C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II. Holds capping, splicing and polyadenylation factors once phosphorylated. |
| TATA box | Consensus sequence in promoter of many eucaryotic genes. |
| Supercoil | Loop in DNA caused by superhelical tension. |
| DNA gyrase | Creates negative supercoils to counter positive supercoils in bacteria. |
| Lariat | An intron released during splicing. Shape of a lasso. |
| Spliceosome | Assembly of snRNA and proteins that perfom splicing in eucaryotes. |
| Gene activator and repressor proteins | Gene regulatory proteins. Increase resp. inhibit transcription, former often by recruiting gen. transcr. factors and polymerase. |
| Lac Operon | Group of genes in E. coli transcribed as one mRNA. Under positive control of CAP and negative control of lac repressor. |
| Consensus sequence | Most typical sequence reproduced with minor variations in related DNA, RNA or protein sequences. |
