| A | B |
|---|
| assimilation | process of becoming part of a foreign culture |
| appeasement | giving in to aggression |
| amendment | change to the Constitution |
| Harlem Renaissance | a celebration of black culture during the 1920's |
| quota system | limits placed on immigration |
| "melting pot" | a blending of cultures |
| monopoly | company that controls an industry |
| Monroe Doctrine | 1823 policy that warned European nations to stay out of Latin America |
| Plessy vs. Ferguson | 1893 Supreme Court decision declaring "separate but equal" is constitutional |
| Marbury vs. Madison | established judicial review in the Supreme Court |
| judicial review | Supreme Court can determine the constitutionality of a law |
| laissez faire | government should stay out of economic affairs |
| Industrial Revolution | period when technology and new sources of power changed American life |
| muckraker | person who exposed corruption in America |
| Prohibition | 18th Amendment made alcohol illegal |
| suffrage | the right to vote |
| enfranchisement | the right to vote |
| mercantilism | the purpose of colonies is to benefit the "mother" country |
| capitalism/free enterprise | economic system characterized by private ownership, profit-motive, competition |
| communism | economic system where the government controls economic decisions |
| "yellow journalism" | reporting news in a sensational, exaggerated way |
| "Remember the Maine!" | spark that started the Spanish-American War |
| assassination of Franz Ferdinand | spark that started World War I |
| Good Neighbor Policy | FDR's policy to strengthen relations with Latin America |
| Open Door Policy | 1899 policy towards China stating any nation can trade with any nation |
| Platt Amendment | post-Spanish-American War agreement allowing US influence in Cuba |
| "sphere of influence" | an area, usually around a seaport, where a foreign nation has special trading privileges |
| speakeasy | illegal bar during Prohibition |
| imperialism | seeking to establish colonies for natural resources and markets |
| Roosevelt Corollary | The US (but NOT Europe) CAN intervene in Latin American affairs to maintain peace |
| Zimmermann Telegram | Germany urges Mexico to go to war against the US in WWI |
| tariff | tax |
| neutral | not willing to take sides |
| Fourteen Points | Woodrow Wilson's post-WWI plan for peace |
| League of Nations | weak predecessor to the United Nations; proposed in the 14 Points |
| "buying on margin" | going into debt in order to buy stock |
| Triple Alliance/Triple Entente | pre-WWI alliances that caused tension |
| Red Scare | Communists were feared and persecuted |
| Sacco and Vanzetti | immigrants put to death during time of great prejudice |
| Progressive Era | early 1900's when reformers wanted to make America better |
| Populists | political party formed to address the needs of farmers and union members |
| propaganda | spreading ideas to sway opinion |
| New Deal | FDR's programs to get the gov't more involved & "fix" the Great Depression |
| reparations | payment made to right a wrong |
| armistice | cease-fire |
| genocide | destruction of a race |
| dictator | ruler with total control |
| detente | easing of tensions |
| deficit spending | government spends more than it collects in taxes |
| United Nations | world peace-keeping organization est. in 1945 |
| Truman Doctrine | promise of support to nations fighting communism |
| containment | America's policy to stop the spread of communism |
| Domino Theory | if some Southeast Asian nations fell to communism, more would follow |
| Marshall Plan | money given to post-WWII nations to rebuild their economies |
| mass production | manufacturing large quantities quickly and at a lower cost |
| Manifest Destiny | belief that America's borders should stretch from the Atlantic to the Pacific |
| Camp David Accords | treaty between Egypt and Israel, brokered by Pres. Carter |
| Central Powers | "bad guys" during World War I |
| Axis Powers | "bad guys" during World War II |
| McCarthyism | 1950's panic caused by a prejudice against communists, led by a Senator |
| Berlin Wall | one symbol of Communism in the Cold War until 1989 |
| Bay of Pigs | failed attempt by the US to overthrow Cuban dictator Fidel Castro |
| arms race | dangerous build up of nuclear weapons |
| Cold War | post-WWII state of dangerous tension between the US and USSR |
| Bonus Army | WWI veterans who marched to Washington to demand promised compensation |
| Langston Hughes | African-American poet during the Harlem Renaissance |
| Gulf of Tonkin Resolution | Pres Johnson/Congress increased US involvement in Vietnam |
| "Big Stick" policy | Teddy Roosevelt's policy of words backed by power when supporting Latin America |
| dollar diplomacy | President Taft urged American businesses to invest in Latin America |
| "closed shop" | business owner agrees to hire only union members |
| civil disobedience | nonviolent protest against unjust laws |
| inflation | economic period when prices go up and the value of the dollar goes down |
| labor union | organization that supports the rights of workers |
| Jim Crow laws | laws that enforced prejudice and segregation |
| NAACP | pro-African American group; National Association for the Advancement of Colored People |
| primary source | document written during the time of an historical event |
| Robber Barons/Captains of Industry | Andrew Carnegie, John Rockefeller, Henry Ford |
| Samuel Gompers | established major labor union, American Federation of Labor |
| phonograph | record player invented in late 1800's |
| primary, referendum, initiative | Progressive Era improvements to voting |
| 17th Amendment | gave people the right to directly elect Senators |
| labor unions | fought against child labor, 12 hour days, dangerous working conditions |
| Upton Sinclair's book | The Jungle, about poor conditions in the meat-packing industry |
| Jacob Riis' book | How the Other Half Lives, about tenements |
| sinking of the Lusitania, Zimmermann Note | reasons for US involvement in WWI |
| Pearl Harbor | reason for US involvement in WWII |
| Panama Canal | quicker way for ships to go from the Atlantic to the Pacific |
| Woodrow Wilson | President during WWI; 14 Points were his idea |
| Herbert Hoover and FDR | Presidents during the Great Depression |
| isolationism | desire to be neutral (like the US at the start of BOTH World Wars) |
| Treaty of Versailles | signed at the end of World War I (but the US refused to sign) |
| 1920's | time marked by jazz, overvaluing of stocks, installment buying of new products and Prohibition |
| farmers, immigrants, African Americans | did NOT prosper during the 1920's |
| Dust Bowl | extremely dry area in the Plains states during Depression |
| D-Day | successful WWII Allied attempt to rescue France from Germany |
| 19th Amendment | granted women suffrage in 1920 |
| Winston Churchill | WWII leader of Great Britain |
| Harry S Truman | President after FDR dies; decided to drop atomic bombs |
| "hot" battles during the Cold War | Korean War & Vietnam War |
| Cuban Missile Crisis | ships carrying nuclear weapons to Cuba blockaded by US |
| Sputnik | sattelite launched by USSR during Cold War space race |
| Berlin Airlift | US drops supplies to USSR blockaded Berlin |
| 1968 | year Robert Kennedy AND M.L King were assassinated |
| John F. Kennedy | President during the Cuban Missile Crisis |
| "Great Society" | Pres. Johnson's plan for the gov't helping poor Americans |
| Brown v Board of Education | desegregated or integrated schools |
| Jimmy Carter | President during the Iran hostage crisis and Camp David Accords |
| Ronald Reagan | president 1980 - 1988, wanted gov't to be LESS involved in American lives |
| lasting effects of the New Deal | "big" gov't, deficit spending, gov't more involved with citizens |
| writ of habeas corpus | gov't can't hold a prisoner without good reason |
