| A | B |
|---|
| What was the ceasefire of November 1918 called? | armistice |
| When did the Versailles Conference begin? | Jan. 1919 |
| How many countries attended the conference? | 32 |
| What did Sir Eric Geddes want? | "everything you can squeeze out of a lemon, and a bit more." |
| Who were the most important men at the Conference? | Georges Clemenceau, Woodrow Wilson, and David Lloyd George |
| What was the nickname of the three most important people at the Versailles Conference? | The Big Three |
| Who was the Prime Minister of France? | Georges Clemenceau |
| List 4 things that Clemenceau wanted from the peace aggreement. | revenge, punishment, make Germany pay reparations, and to weaken Germany |
| Who was the President of the United States? | Woodrow Wilson |
| What seven things did Woodrow Wilson want from the Peace Agreement? | make the world safe for democracy, end the war, a fair peace, 14 points, disarmament, the League of Nations, and self-determination |
| What were President Wilson's ideas for a better world called? | The 14 points |
| What were the three main ideas of the 14 Points? | disarmament, League of Nations, and self-determination |
| What was the name for the assembly, where Wilson wanted countries to talk about their problems, instead of going to war? | League of Nations |
| Who was the Prime Minister of Britain? | David Lloyd George |
| What 5 things did Lloyd George want from peace? | make Germany pay, but not too much, justice, not revenge, not too harsh, meet them at a halfway point |
| What were the four terms of the treaty of Versailles? | Blame, Reparations, Armed Forces, and Germany lost territory |
| Which clause blamed Germany for the war? | Clause 231 |
| What were reparations? | money Germany had to pay for the damage done during the war |
| How much were repartions eventually set at? | 6,600 million |
| Explain the 5 things the Treaty said about Germany's armed forces. | Germany was forbidden to have submarines, Germany was forbidden to have an air force, Germany could have a navy of only six battleships, Germany could have an Army of just 100,000 men, Germany was not allowed to place any troops in the Rhineland, the strip of land, 50 miles wide, next to France. |
| List 5 areas of land in Europe that Germany lost. | Alsace-Lorraine, Schleswig, Polish Corridor, Saar, and Danzig |
| What is the word which means that troops were not allowed in the Rhineland? | Demilitarisation |
| What happened to Germany's colonies? | Given as League of Nations 'mandates' to Britain and France |
| What did the Treaty say about Austria? | Anschluss with Germany was forbidden |
| Why did the Germans refuse to agree to Clause 231? | They did not believe it was true-- they said Russia had started the war. |
| What made the Germans pay reparations in January 1921? | Britain, France, and Belgium invaded. |
| Why were the Germans angry about their tiny army? | They could not defend themselves |
| What did the German sailors do to the fleet? | Scuttled (sank) it |
| How much of its land did Germany lose? | 12% |
| Explain why the Germans thought the Treaty was unfair. | They had not been asked to Versailles, and few of the 14 Points got into the treaty. |
| What did the Germans feel when they heart about the Treaty? | pain and anger, a German newspaper called it 'the disgraceful treaty" |
| Who did the Treaty help rise to power? | Adolf Hitler |
| What did a German newspaper promise? | We will never stop until we win back what we deserve |
| List 4 things Clemenceau liked abou the peace. | Reparations (would repair the damage to France), the tiny German army and the demilitarised zone in the Rhineland (would protect France) France got Alsace-Loraine and German colonies |
| What did Clemenceau dislike about the Versailles Treaty? | He wanted the treaty to be harsher and he wanted Germany to be split up into smaller countries |
| What two things did Wilson get that he wanted? | League of Nations and Self-determination |
| Why did Wilson dislike the treaty? | Some of his 14 points did not get into the Treaty |
| What two things happened when Wilson went home? | When Wilson went back to America, the Senate refused to join the League of Nations, and even refused to sign the Treaty of Versailles |
| Lloyd George like two things about the Treaty. What were they? | The fact that Britain got some German colonies and expanded the British Empire and the small German navy which helped Britain to continue to 'rule the waves' |
| What did Lloyd George dislike about the Treaty? | He thought it was too harsh and would start another war in 25 years time |
| List the four other treates of 1919-1920. | Saint Germain (with Austria) Neuilly (with Bulgaria) Trianon (with Hungary) and Sevres (with Turkey) |
| List four reasons the Treaty of Versailles was more important than these treaties. | with Germany, decided by the Big Three, set up the League of Nations, set down the principles of how the defeated countries would be treated. |
| What were the four main principles of the Treaty of Versailles? | reparations, disarmament, loss of land, and self-determination |
| What does self-determination mean? | the right to rule yourselves |
| List 5new nation-states created by the treaties of 1919-1920 | Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Austria, Poland, and Yugoslavia |
| Which empire was split up to make these new nations? | Austro-Hungaria |
| Which people ruled in Yugoslavia? | Serbs |
| List four problems with self-determination | It caused small wars in Poland, Teschen, and Fiume. It was not allowed for Germany. It created many small, weak countries, which Hitler easily conquered later. The new nation-states had racial minorities living there. |
| This was a mineral rich area that had belonged to France but was annexed by Germany after the Franco-Prussian War. It was given to France at the Treaty of Versailles then taken by Germany in 1940 when Hitler defeated France. It was then returned to France after World War II. | Alsace and Lorraine |
| This piece of land was considered the industrial heart of Germany and the source of its military power. The Treaty of Versailles said it should be demilitarized for an indefinite period of time. | Rhineland |
| This area was given to France by the Treaty of Versailles. | Saar |
| This part of Germany was severed from the rest of Germany by the Danzig Corridor. | East Prussia |
| This territory was given to Poland under the Versailles Treaty and it gave them access to the sea. It severed East Prussia from the rest of Germany- a penalty that would leave Germany bitter and resentful for years to come and provide Hitler with the pre-text he needed to attack Poland. | West Prussia or The Danzig Corridor |
| Why was the League of Nations set up in 1919? | Because Wilson wanted it more than anything else. |
| What Treaty set up the League of Nations? | The Treaty of Versailles |
| What were the four aims of the League of Nations? | Stop wars, improve people's lives and jobs, disarmament, and enforce the Treaty of Versailles |
| What happened when Wilson went back home to America? | The Senate refused to join the League or ratify the Treaty of Versailles |
| Why did many Americans not want to join the League of Nations? | Many Americans were German immigrants and disliked the Treaty of Versailles, Americans did not want to get involved in European affairs because it might involve Americans dying in a war, Americans did not wat to get involved in European affairs because it might cost money, and many Americas were anti-British |
| How many countries joined the League of Nations in 1919? | 42 |
| How many members did the League of Nations have in 1930? | 60 |
| Name three powerful countries which were not members of the League. | USA, USSR, and Germany |
| Why was Russia not a member of the League? | They were a communist country and they disliked Britain and France |
| Why was Germany not a member of the League? | They were not allowed to join as part of the Treaty of Versailles |
| Who were the four main members of the League? | Britain, France, Italy and Japan |
| What did the League NOT have which made it hard to enforce its decisions. | an army |
| How many times a year did the League's Assembly meet? | once a year |
| How many times a year did the League's Council meet? | 4-5 times a year and when necessary |
| What did the Court of International Justice do? | settled small disputes |
| What did the Health Committee of the League do? | tried to improve the health of the people of the world |
| What did the Slavery Committee of the League do? | tried to free all slaves |
| What did the Refugee Committee of the League do? | tried to get refugees home or into camps |
