| A | B |
|---|
| William Cockerill | Opened factories in Belgium to manufacture spinning and weaving machines |
| Henry Bessemer | Developed a process to purify iron ore and produce a new substance, steel |
| Alfred Nobel | Invented dynamite |
| Alessandro Volta | Developed the first battery about 1800 |
| Dynamo | A machine that generates electricity |
| Thomas Edison | Made the first electric light bulb |
| Interchangeable Parts | Identical components that could be used in place of one another |
| Assembly Line | Workers add parts to a product that moves along a belt from one work station to the next |
| Henry Ford | Started making model cars that reached the breathtaking speed of 25 miles an hour |
| orville and Wilbur Wright | Designed and flew a flimsy airplane at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina |
| Samuel F. B. Morse | Developed the telegraph |
| Guglielmo Marconi | Invented the Radio |
| Stock | Shares in companies |
| Corporations | Buisinesses that are owned by many investors who buy shares of stock |
| Cartel | An association to fix prices set production quotas, or control markets |
| Germ Theory | Scientists speculated that certain microbes might cause specific infectous diseases |
| Louis Pasteur | Developed vaccines against rabies and anthrax and the discoverd of a process called pasteurization |
| Robert Koch | identified the bacteria that caused tuberculosis, a respitory disease hat claimed about 30 million human lives in the 1800s |
| Anesthesia | Used to relieve pain during surgery |
| Florence Nightingale | This Army nurse during the Crimean War, insisted on better hygiene in feild hospitals. She also founded the worlds first school of nursing |
| Joseph Lister | Discovered how antiseptics prevented infection |
| Urban renewal | Rebuilding of the poor areas of a city |
| Slums | Small, cramped row houses or tenements in overcrowded neighborhoods |
| Mutual-aid societies | Self-help groups to aid sick or injured workers |
| Standard of living | Measures the quality and availability of necessities and comforts in a society |
| New Upper Class | Included superrich industrial and buisness families as well as the old nobility |
| Middle Class | Filled with midlevel buisness people and proffessional such as docters, scientists, and lawyers |
| Lower Middle Class | Included teachers, office workers, shopkeepers, and clerks |
| Cult of Domesticity | Idealized women and the home. Sayings like"home, sweet home" were stiched into needleowrk and hung on parlor walls. |
| Temperance Movement | A campaign to limit or ban the use of alcoholic beverages |
| Women's sufferage | Women's right to vote, emerged in the later 1800s |
| Charles Darwin | In 1859, he published On the Origin of Species. |
| Theory of Natural Selection | All forms of life had evolved into thier present state over millions of years where natural forces "selected" those with physical traits best adapted to their environment |
| Social Darwinism | The idea of survival of the fittest to war and economic competition |
| Racism | the Belief that one racial group is surperior to another |
| Social Gospel | A movement that urged Christians to social service |
| Romanticism | Glorified nature and sought to excite to excite strong emotions |
| Romantic Writers | Created a new kind of hero-a mysterious, melancholy figure who felt out step with society |
| Alexandre Dumas | To re-create France's past in novels like The Three Musketeers |
| Ludwig Van Beethoven | This German composer combined classicalforms with a stirring range of sound |
| Realism | An attempt to represent the world as it was and often focused thier work on the harsh side of life in cities or villages |
| Charles Dickens | This English novelist vividly portrayed the lives of slum dwellers and factory workers, including children in Oliver Twist |
| Victor hugo | Portrayed the ills of thier time. In Les Miserables he revealed how hungar drove a good man to crime and how the law hounded him ever after |
| Impressionism | To capture the first fleeting impression made by a scene or object on the viewer's eye |
