| A | B |
|---|
| Who first used an early compound microscope to see cells? | Robert Hooke from England |
| Name the scientist who saw tiny living organisms through a microscope | Anton van Leeuwenhoek of Holland |
| 1. All living things are composed of cells 2.Cells are the basic unit of structure and function 3.New cells come from existing cells: What is this? | The cell theory |
| These cells do not have a nucleus. | Prokaryotes |
| These cells have a nucleus. | Eukaryotes |
| Which organisms are prokaryotes. | Bacteria |
| Which organisms are eukaryotic. | Plants, animals, fungi and protists |
| What are the structures in eukaryotic cells called? | organelles |
| What does organelle mean? | little organs |
| Cell biologist think of cells in two different parts - what are they? | nucleus and cytoplasm |
| What is the cytoplasm? | the jelly like portion of the cell outside of the nucleus in which the organelles float |
| What is in the nucleus? | the structure that controls the cells activity |
| What surrounds the nucleus? | the nuclear envelope |
| What are the dots on the nuclear envelope called? | Nuclear pores |
| What are nuclear pores for? | allows messages and instruction to move in and out of the nucleus |
| What is chromatin? | granular material in the nucleus made of DNA coiled around protein |
| What is a chromosome? | threadlike structures that contain genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next |
| What is a nucleolus? | small dense area in the nucleus that the assembly of ribosomes begins |
| What is a ribosome? | small particles of RNA where the protein is assembled |
| What is the endoplasmic reticulum or "E.R?" | a folded membrane where lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled - proteins modified |
| What happens on the rough endoplasmic reticulum? | this is the place that the proteins are released or exported |
| What happens in the free ribosomes? | cellular proteins are made there |
| What is the difference between the rough E.R. and the smooth E.R.? | the first has ribosomes on it, the second does not. |
| What does the smooth E.R. do? | Helps to detoxify drugs |
| What is the function of the Golgi Apparatus? | to modify, sort and package proteins from the E.R. for storage in the cell or secretion outside the cell |
| What does a lysosome do? | It is filled with enzymes that breakdown lipids carbs and protein - also remove old organelles - the clean up crew |
| What does the vacuole do? | it stores materials like water, salt, protein, and carbs |
| What is a contractile vacuole? | when a cell has too much water, it pumps it out of the cell |
| How does the Mitochondria help the cell? | this organelle converts the chemical energy stored infood into compounds that are easier to use |
| Explain the chloroplast. | organelle that captures the energy of the sun and uses it for photosynthesis |
| What is the cytoskeleton? | protein filaments that help the cell keep its shape - also helps in movement |
| Name two of the main protein filaments that make up the cytoskeleton. | Microfilaments and microtubules |
| What is a microtubule? | hollow structures made of protein - and helps in cell division |
| What are centrioles? | they help with cell division - only occur in animal cells |
| What is the job of the cell membrane? (also called plasma membrane) | regulates or controls what enters and leaves the cell - also protects the cell |
| Why is the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane called a "bilayer?" | It has two layers of lipids |
| Which type of cells have a cell wall? | only plant cells |
| What is the job of the cell wall? | To support and protect the cell |
| What are most cell walls made from? | fibers of carbohydrates, cellulose and proteins |
| What is a solute? | Substances that are in a mixture, a mixture requires two or more |
| Describe diffusion | When particles move from an area of great concentration to an area of less concentration |
| Describe equilibrium | When the concentration of solute is equal on both sides |
| Why doesn't diffusion in a cell use energy? | Because it depends on random particle movement requiring no extra effort |
| What happens if a cell membrane is permeable to a certain substance? | That substance can move through the cell membrane |
| What happens if a cell membrane is impermeable to a certain substance? | That substance can't move through the cell membrane |
| What is osmosis? | the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane |
| When do two solutions become isotonic? | when the concentrations on both sides of a membrane is the same |
| What does "hypertonic' mean? | liquid is moving out of the cell |
| What does "hypotonic" mean? | liquid is moving into the cell |
| How does the protein channel help the cell? | cells that cannot move through the lipid bilayer can move through this |
| What is it called when molecules move through the protein channel? | facilitated diffusion |
| What is the cell membrane (also called plasma membrane) mainly made of? | a lipid bilayer |
| Name the parts of the nucleus. | nuclear envelope, nuclear pores, chromatin, nucleolus |
| What is active transport? | When cells must move into an area of high concentration - requires energy |
| What is endocytosis? | Taking material into the cell |
| What is phagocytosis? | means cell eating - cytoplasm surrounds a particle, package it, then the cell engulfs it |
| What is pinocytosis? | tiny pockets form along the cell membrane, fill w liquid, pinch off to form vacuoles in the cell |
| What is exocytosis? | the vacuole membrane surrounds some material and forces it out of the cell |
| What does cell specialization mean? | When cells develop in different ways to do different tasks. |
| What is a tissue? | A group of cells grouped into a unit |
| Name the four types of tissues. | muscle, epithelial, nervous, connective |
| What is a group of tissues called? | organs |
| What is a group of organs that work together to perform a specific function called? | organ system |
