| A | B |
|---|
| Rosetta Stone | A stone that had 3 languages engraved on it and was used to translate heiroglyphics. |
| Trade | Trade was one way that new technologies were shared between civilizations. |
| First Civilizations | There were several first civilizations that began in different locations at different times. Most began near a river or in a river valley. |
| Triangular | Many early civilizations had temples built in the shape of a triangle, for example ziggarauts and pyramids. |
| Changing History | History can change as new information is discovered, old information is found to be incorrect or as new technology helps us to better understand/date history. |
| Pharoahs | Egyptian Kings, thought to be living gods- Horus. |
| Polytheism | The belief in many Gods. |
| Osiris | The God of the afterlife married to Isis. |
| Amon Re | The Creator/Sun God |
| Ka | The egyptians beleived that your KA or spiritual self lived on into the afterlife and needed to be able to find your earthly body to live on. |
| Mummification | The process of preserving the body. The organs were removed, the body was salted and prepared with oils and spices and then wrapped and sealed with tar or bitumen. |
| Building Pyramids | A flat site was needed, close to a quarry and the 4 corners were to face the four corners of the earth. |
| Body Locators | The Ka was assisted in finding the body by Ka statues, name engraving at the tomb and pictures or paintings of the dead person either on their mummy or somewhere in their tomb. |
| Wooden Wedges | Wedges were inserted into holes in rock, water was then poured on to make the wood swell and break the rock apart. |
| Ramps | These inclined planes were used to help move heavy stone blocks up to the spot needed on the pyramid. |
| Sledges | These were used to pull stone on. They were pulled by people or animals up the ramps of the pyramids. |
| King Tut's Tomb | The only tomb to survive in tact. |
| Fashion | White linen, draped and knotted, sandals, men and women wore make-up! |
| Family Life | Boys and Girls married in their early teens! Egyptians married for love and necessity. Some men had more than one wife. |
| Medicine | Egyptians did little surgery as they believed your body had to be intact to go to the afterlife. |
| Toothists | Ancient Egyptian Dentists were needed as sand got in their food and gave them bad toothaches! |
| Mummy Clues | Mummys can teach us about diseases in ancient times, how long people lived and what they died from. |
| Transportation | Egyptians traveled on roads, canals, and the Nile River. |
| Roads | Roads were built to help move stone and keep it from sinking into the sand. |
| Warfare | Egyptians were peaceful people who fought when necessary. |
| Weapons | Bows and Arrows, Swords, Scimitar, Mace |
| Thutmose's Tricks | One pharoah hid his soldiers in sacks of grain! |
| Charioteers | These were elite warriors, or some of the pharoahs best warriors. |
| Ramses | He is known as the Warrior King. |
| Warships | Some egyptian battles were fought on the sea. The boats improved over time in both materials and technology. |
| Farming | The Nile River flooded regularily supplying good farming soil or silt. |
| Food | Most egyptians ate little meat, they ate figs, grapes, eggs, bread, cakes and even watermelon. |
| Drinks | The most popular beverage was beer. Everyone drank it including children. Rich people also drank wine. |
| Construction | Egyptians are best known for their pyramids and temples. |
| Tools | Some tools used by the ancient egyptians include hammers, a vertical plumb line, mallets and an adze. |
| Inventions | Egyptians invented early clocks which used water and even a toilet! These were found in the pyramids for use in the afterlife. |
| Shadoof | A bucket device that works like a seesaw and is used to move water from the river to the irrigation canals along the Nile. |
| Nature | The reason that Egypt fell that had to do with a series of low floods. |
| Internal | The reason that Egypt fell which included a lack of confidence in the Pharoahs, conflicts among priests, nobles and kings, spent too much money on wars and foreign fighters/mercenaries. |
| External | These reasons for the fall include: Invasion by land and sea and new invaders with iron weapons. |
| Kush | An African Kingdom south of Egypt, aka Nubia (nub means gold) |
| The Black Pharaohs | King Piye and his dynasty ruled for nearly 100 years. |
| King Piye | Conquered Egypt in 730 B.C.E. aka The "Uniter of Two Lands." |
| Kushite Pharaohs | Wanted to bring back the glory of Egypt, they built new temples and pyramids. |
| Assyrians | Drove the Kushites out of Egypt because they had superior iron weapons. |
| Resources of Kush/Nubia | Gold, Ivory, Ebony, Ostrich feathers, cattle, giraffes, timber, slaves, exotic furs. |
| Archers | Kush was best known for these warriors. |
| Dynasty | A family or group who rules. |
| People of Kush | Darker skin and curly hair. |
| Kush and Egypt | Complicated relationship, sometimes they traded other times they fought for control. |
| Trading hub | Kush was a great place to trade because travelers from many places passed through Kush from S. Africa, Rome, China, India and Saudi Arabia. |
| Egyptianization | When Egypt took control of Kush and made their culture Egyptian including language, dress, government and religion. |
| Meroe | The new capital of Kush, moved to the south to avoid Egyptian raids.The Golden Age of Kush began here when they developed Iron technologyand the arts flourished. |
| African Roots | During Kush's Golden Age they left Egyptian ways behind and developed their own language, returned to their own religion and developed their own styles of art, pottery, architecture and dress. |
| Kandakes | Kush returned to the old style of rulership where queens co-ruled with their sons or husbands and were considered goddesses. |
| Queen Amanirenas | A Kushite Kandake who fought with her son to drive the Romans out of Kush. |
| Treaty | A written agreement by which two or more states agree to conditions for peace. |
