| A | B |
|---|
| This is the specialized area of chemistry that deals with living organisms and life processes. | Biochemistry |
| Anything that occupies space and has a mass. | Matter |
| This is pure and can't be broken down. An example would be oxygen. | Element |
| Two elements combined together make a ______. | Compound |
| This is the basic building block of all things. | Atom |
| These are the three subatomic particles that can be found around the nucleas. | Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons |
| These are positive subatomic particles and are found in the nucleus | Protons |
| Neutral subatomic particles found in the nucleus. | Neutrons |
| Negative subatomic particles found in the electron shell. | Electrons |
| The number of protons in the nucleas is called the _____ _____. | atomic number |
| This refers to the mass of an atom. | Atomic Weight |
| What part of the atom has weight, the nucleus or the electron shell? | nucleus |
| The atomic weight includes what two subatomic particles? | Proton and the neutron |
| The total number of electrons in the shell is the same as the number of _____. | Protons |
| How many electrons can the first energy shell hold? | Two |
| How many electrons can the second electron shell hold? | Eight |
| What is the octet rule? | It says that in order for an atom to be stable, its outer shell needs eight electrons, unless it is the first shell which needs two.0 |
| All atoms of the same element have the same number of protons, but not the same number of neutrons and these are called _____. | Neutrons |
| Interactions between two or more atomis is a _____ ______. | Chemical Reaction |
| When two atoms come together it is called a ____. | Molecule |
| When two or more different atoms come together it is called a ____. | Compound |
| A reaction to hold two or more atoms together is a ______. | Chemical bond |
| Bonds that are formed by the transfer of electrons from one atom to another is called ___. | Ionic Bond or Electrovalent |
| A chemical bond formed by sharing electrons is called a ______. | Covalent Bond |
| This type of bond forms due to unequal charges. | Hydrogen |
| Which types of bonds are the weakest? | Hydrogen |
| A + B= AB is what type of reaction? | Synthesis |
| AB= A + B is what type of reaction? | Decomposition |
| AB + CD = AC + BD is what type of reaction? | Exchange reaction |
| What is the difference between organic and inorganic reactions? | Organic reactions have carbon to carbon covalent bonds and few inorganic reactions have carbon bonds. |
| This is called the "cradle of life" because every living thing needs it. | Water |
| What are cations? | Positively charged electrolytes |
| What are anions? | Negatively charged electrolytes. |
| What is the difference between acids and bases? | Acids taste sour, and bases taste bitter, acids turn lithmus paper red and bases turn it blue. |
| These release H+ ions | acids |
| These release OH+ ions | bases |
| What happens when you mix an acid and a base? | You get salt and water |
| This is the scale that measures the concentration of H+ ions. | Ph scale |
| Less than 7 on a Ph scale is a __ | acid |
| More than 7 on a Ph scale is a ___. | Base |
| These help resist changes in Ph. | Buffers |
| All carbohydrates contain what three substances? | Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen |
| What are the three types of carbohydrates? | Monosaccharide, Disaccharide, and Polysaccharide. |
| Proteins are made up of _______. | Amino Acids |
| What are the two types of amino acids? | Essential and Nonessential |
| The bonds between amino acids are called ____ bonds. | Peptide |
| What is the difference between essential and nonessential proteins? | Your body can make nonessential proteins, but it can't make essential proteins. |
| Name four types of lipids. | Triglycerides or fats, phospholipids, steroids, and prostaglandins. |
| What is the function of lipids? | Energy, make up cell membranes, dissolve fat soluble vitamisn, insulation for body and nerves, and regulates many body functions. |
| These are the most abundant lipids. | Trigylcerides |
| What is the difference between a saturated and an unsaturated fatty acid? | A saturated acid is when all the hydrogen bonds are filled and the chain has no double bonds. An Unsaturated fatty acid does not have all the hydrogen spots filled and they do not have any double bonds and are usually liquid at room temperature. |
| These speed up the rate that chemical reactions happen. | Enzymes |
| These make up the cell membrane of every cell. | Phosolipid |
| What are the two blood lipoproteins? | HDL's and LDL's |
| What is the difference between HDL's and LDL's? | LDL's are the bad cholesterol that can block arteries while HDL's are the good cholesterol |
| These are known as the tissue hormones. | Prostaglandins |
| How does asprin work? | When you have an injury, cyclooxygenase is released, it reacts witht he prostaglandins to cause swelling, redness and pain. Asprin blocks the activity of the enzyme so it can't react with the prostaglandins to cause these symptoms. |
| What are the two types of Nucleic Acids? | DNA and RNA |
| What are the bases found in DNA? | Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, and Guanine |
| What are the bases found in RNA? | Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine, Guanine |
| What makes up a nucleotide? | Sugar, Phosphate, and Base |
| Why does DNA testing work? | Each prson has their own pattern of the way the DNA bases are arranged. |
| What is the function of DNA? | to store genetic information and pass it from one generation to the next. |
| What is the function of RNA? | To carry the genetic code from DNA to synthesize protein. |
| The sum of all chemical reactions that take place in the body. | Metabolism |
| These type of metabolic reactions break things down. | Catabolic |
| These type of metabolic reactions build things up. | Anabolic |
| What is the purpose of Adenosine Triphospate? | To store energy. When the bonds are broken, energy is released. |
| What are the four vital properties of water? | high heat capacity or high specific heat, polarity/solvent capacity, chemical reactivity, cushioning |
| What is dissociation of salt? | When salts dissolve in body fluids, they quickly separate into their ions which is called dissociation |
| This is a type of fat that is common in many margarines and baked products and has been shown to increase the risk of heart disease even more than saturated fats. | trans fats |
| Fats that are found naturally in cold water fish. | omega 3 fatty acids |
| These are known as structural proteins and are found in collagen and keratin | fibrous proteins |
| These are known as functional proteins and function as antibodies and enzymes | globular proteins |
| the ability to do work or put matter into motion is called ________ | energy |
| when energy is actually doing work it is this type of energy. | Kinetic |
| This type of energy is stored in the bonds of chemical substances and is released when bonds are broken. | chemical energy |
| This type of energy results from the movement of charged particles | electrical |
| energy that is DIRECTLY involved in moving matter. | mechanical |
| this type of energy travels in waves like x-ray, infrared, heat, or radio waves | radiant |
| 96% of the body is made up of what 4 elements? | Carbon, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Hydrogen |
| Isotopes vary in the number of __________. | neutrons |
| Which type of radiation has the least penetrating power? the most? | alpha has the least and gamma has the most |
| Which electrons are most closely attracted? | those closes to the nucleus |
