| A | B |
|---|
| the shaking and trembling that results from the movement of rock below the Earth's surface | earthquake |
| a force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume | stress |
| stress that pushes masses of rock in 2 opposite directions | shearing |
| stress that pulls on the crust, stretching the rock and making it thinner in the middle | tension |
| stress that squeezes rock until it folds or breaks | compression |
| any change in the volume or shape of Earth's crust | deformation |
| when enough stress builds up in rock, the rock breaks creating this | a fault |
| shearing creates this type of fault | strike-slip faults |
| tension forces in Earth's crust cause this type of fault | normal faults |
| compression forces create this type of fault | reverse faults |
| when normal faults uplift blocks of rock, it creates this type of mountain | fault-block mountains |
| bends in rock | folds |
| upward arches | anticlines |
| a rock that bends downward in the middle forming a bowl | synclines |
| a large area of flat land elevated high above sea level | plateau |
| a point directly above the focus | epicenter |
| a point beneath Earth's surface where rock breaks triggering an earthquake | focus |
| vibrations that travel through Earth | seismic waves |
| waves that compress and expand the ground | P waves or Primary Waves |
| earthquake waves that vibrate from side to side as well as up and down | S waves or Secondary Waves |
| an instrument used to measure earthquakes | seismograph |
| these move slower and P & S waves...They are also called Longitudinal Waves | surface waves |
| a mesurement of an earthquakes strength | magnitude |
| scale used to measure an earthquakes intensity | Mercalli scale |
| a rating of the size of seismic waves measured by a seismograph | Richter scale |
| today's earthquake measuring scale | moment magnitude scale |
| process by which an earthquake violently turns loose soil into liquid mud | liquefacion |
| an earthquake that occurs after a larger earthquake in the same area | aftershock |
| tidal wave: a large wave produced by an earthquake on the ocean floor | tsunami |
| a building mounted on bearings designed to absorb the energy of an earthquake | base-islolated building |
