| A | B |
|---|
| Which three empires did nationalism help to break apart? | Austro-Hungarian Empire, Russian Empire, Ottoman Empire |
| Giuseppe Mazzini | Idealistic Italian who organized nationalist group Young Italy. In 1848, briefly headed republican government at Rome before being exiled. |
| Victor Emmanuel II | King of Piedmont-Sardinia, the largest and most powerful Italian state |
| Count Camillo di Cavour | Victor Emmanuel's Prime Minister. Worked to expand power and territory of Piedmont-Sardinia. Given credit for unifying Italy. |
| Who did Cavour ally with in order to drive Austria from the northern provinces of Lombary and Venetia? | Napoleon III of France |
| Giuseppe Garibaldi | Led a group of nationalists to capture Sicily in 1860 |
| Red Shirts | Garibaldi and his followers; Italian nationalists in the southern Italian states |
| Tension between Northern and Southern Italy were due to what differences? | Industrial North vs. Agricultural South; different ways of life; different dialects of Italian |
| German Confederation | Loose grouping of 39 German states from 1815 to mid 1800s |
| Prussian King in 1848 | Frederick Willian IV |
| Succeeded Frederick William to the throne | Wilhelm I |
| Junkers | Prussia's wealthy landowning class; strongly conservative |
| Otto von Bismarck | Prime Minister under Wilhelm I; Junker; master of realpolitik |
| Realpolitik | the politics of reality; tough power politics with no room for idealism |
| Declared that he would rule without the consent of parliament and without a legal budget | Bismarck |
| How did Bismarck expand the border of Prussia? | 1. Formed alliance with Austria and declared war on Denmark. 2) Created conflict with Austria to take more land. 3) Insulted France and went to war with them to take Paris. |
| Seven Weeks' War | War between Prussia and Austria in 1866. Prussia took northern control of Germany. |
| Franco-Prussian War | Prussia takes northern France in 1870 |
| kaiser | German word for emperor |
| Second Reich | What Germans called their empire that crowned King Wilhelm I of Prussia the kaiser |
| Five Great Powers in Europe in 1815 at Congress of Vienna | Britain, France, Austrai, Prussia, Russia |
| Two most powerful European countries by 1871 | Britain and Germany; both militarily and economically |
