| A | B |
|---|
| Benito Mussolini | This fierce nationalist would rise to power in the 1920s and become the leader of his Fascist Party. |
| Fascist party | This group was made up of organized World War 1 veterans and other discontented Italians. |
| fasces | This Latin words means "a bundle of sticks wrapped around an ax", the symbol of authority in ancient Rome. |
| Black Shirts | These combat squads of the Fascist party broke up socialist rallies, smashed leftist presses, and attacked farmers' cooperatives. |
| "march on Rome" | Tens of thousands of Fascists swarmed the capital city, demanding that the government make changes. |
| King Emmanuel II | In order to prevent an Italian civil war, he asked Mussolini to form a government as its prime minister. |
| Il Duce | The title Mussolini had taken. It means "The Leader". |
| "Believe! Obey! Fight!" | Men, women, and children were bombarded with these slogans, which glorified the state and Mussolini. |
| fascism | We use this term today to describe any totalitarian government that is not communist. |
| "Roman lake" | Mussolini pledged to make the Mediterranean Sea into this. |
| Adolf Hitler | This World War 1 veteran and leader of the extremist Nazi party would rise in power to become the chancellor of Germany in 1933. |
| chancellor | The term meaning prime minister. |
| Ruhr Valley | France occupied this coal-rich area of France when Germany fell behind on its reparations. |
| Mein Kampf | While in prison in 1923, Hitler wrote this book, My Struggle, which would later become the basic book of Nazi goals and ideology. |
| Lebensraum | Hitler said Germany must expand its borders to extend its "living space" for its people. |
| repudiated | This terms means rejected. |
| Fuhrer | This is the German terms for "a strong leader". |
| Gestapo | This group, Hitler's secret police, rooted out opposition. |
| Nuremberg Laws | In 1935, these placed severe restrictions on German Jews. Jews were prohibited from marrying non-Jews, attending or teaching at German schools and universities, holding government jobs, practicing law or medicine, or publishing books. |
| Kristallnacht | This "Night of Broken Glass" took place on November 9 & 10 of 1938 whereupon Nazi led mobs attacked Jewish communities. |
| concentration camps | Detention centers for civilians who were considered enemies of the state. |
