| A | B |
|---|
| deletion | the loss of a pieceof chromosome due to breakage |
| translocation | a piece of chromosome breaks off and attaches to another chromosome |
| nondisjunction | the faiure of a chromosome to separate from its homoogue during meiosis |
| point mutation | substitution, addition, or removal of a single nucleotide |
| frame shift mutation | deletion or insertion of nucleotides that causes the triplet code to be read incorrecty |
| pedigree | family record that shows how a trait is inherited over several generations |
| carrier | individuals who have one recessive autosomal allele for a trait |
| polygenic trait | trait that is controlled by two or more genes |
| colorblindness | recessive x linked disorder where a person cannot distinguish between certain colors |
| hemophilia | a recessive x-linked disorder that impairs blood clotting |
| sex-influenced trait | a trait that is carried on an autosome, but is influenced by sex hormones |
| Duchenne muscular dstrophy | a sex-linked reessive disorder that weakens and desroys muscle tissue |
| amniocentesis | anlysis of amniotic fluid for genetic defects |
| choronic villi sampling | examnation of cells from the chorion for genetic defects |
| trisomy | condition of zygote with 47 chromosomes, as in trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) |
| monsomy | condition where a zygote has 45 chromosomes, missing one chromosome as in Turners syndrome (XO) |
| multiple allele trait | a trait controlled by one gene, but having more than 2 alleles as in ABO blood groups |
| Huntington's disease | autosomal dominant condition; lethal during middle age |
| sickle cell anemia | autosomal recessive disease caused by a point mutation: cells sickle causing multiple problems |
