| A | B |
|---|
| Industrial Revolution | The time period of greatly increased output of machine-made goods that began in England in the late 1800s |
| enclosures | Large plots of land, edged by fences or hedges; owned by wealthy landowners |
| Two results of the enclosure movement | 1. Experimentation with new agricultural methods 2. Small farmers were forced to become tenant farmers or to give up farming and move to cities |
| crop rotation | Rotating what is planted from year to year to keep the soil rich with nutrients |
| Jethro Tull | Invented seed drill, which allowed farmers to sow seeds in well-spaced rows and specific depths |
| Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in England? | 1. Large population of workers 2. natural resources 3. expanding economy 4. political stability |
| Name four important natural resources in England | 1. water and coal to fuel machines 2. iron ore to construct machines, tools 3. rivers for transportation 4. harbors for ships to set sail |
| Factors of production | land, labor and capital - resources needed to produce goods and services that the Industrial Revolution required |
| John Kay | Invented flying shuttle, which doubled the amount of work a weaver could do in a day |
| James Hargreaves | Invented spinning wheel (spinning jenny) |
| Richard Arkwright | Invented water frame |
| Samuel Crompton | Invented spinning mule |
| Edmund Cartwright | Invented power loom |
| Eli Whitney | Invented cotton gin |
| Entrepreneur | a person who organizes, manages and takes on the risks of business |
| Robert Fulton | Invented the steamboat |
| John McAdam | Improved roadbeds with large stones on top for drainage |
| turnpikes | Roads built and operated for profit |
| How did railroads revolutionize life in Britain? | 1. Spurred industrial growth by providing cheap way to transport materials 2. Created lots of new jobs 3. Boosted agricultural and fishing industries 4. Encouraged country people to take city jobs |
