| A | B |
|---|
| empire | number of peoples or provinces under one ruler |
| Umayyads | fought for Uslam in the estern conquests |
| Muawiya | Took control of the empire in 661 |
| bureaucracy | a power structure in which there is one person in charge at teh top and many people at the bottom; workers at each level supervise those below them. |
| emir | a government official in the Middle East appointed by the calip |
| dissent | disagreement, especially with accepted religious practices |
| jizya | a head tax paid by Christians and Jews |
| zakat | a 2.5 percent charity tax Muslims were required to pay |
| Arabic | the official language of the empire |
| Pyrenees | A mountain range in France |
