| A | B |
|---|
| chromosome | tightly coiled lengths of DNA wrapped around protein cores |
| karyotype | a set of chromosomes in which the homologous pairs are matched and arranged by size |
| diploid | a cell that contains 2 sets of chromosomes |
| haploid | a cell which contains a single set of chromosomes |
| sex chromosomes | chromosomes that determine the sex of an organism, in humans the 23d pair |
| human female | XX |
| human male | XY |
| mitosis | eukaryotic cell division of the nuclei |
| cytokinesis | cellular division at the end of mitosis |
| cell cycle | life span of a cell including growth and division |
| tumor | clump of cells caused by cancer |
| cancer | uncontrolled cell division and growth |
| mutation | change in the genetic code |
| gamete | egg or sperm, a haploid reproductive cell |
| meiosis | cellular division that produces gametes |
| crossing over | the exchange of genetic information between homologous chromosomes |
