| A | B |
|---|
| What is the purpose of the male reproductive system? | to promote survival of the species |
| what are the essential organs of the male reproductive system? | the sex cell (sperm) and the gonads (testes) |
| These structures play a supportive role in the male reproductive system. | Accessory Organs |
| What are examples of accessory organs? | epididymis, vas deferns, urethra, seminal vesicles, prostate, bulboureathral glands |
| This is the pouch in which the testes are suspended. | scrotum |
| The process through which sperm cells are made | spermatogenesis |
| This is the male hormone | testosterone |
| What function does testosterone serve in the male body? | It promotes maleness and the development of secondary sexual characteristics, it regulates metabolism, promotes growth of skeletal muscle, helps to close the epipheseal plate, and plays a role in fluid and electrolyte metabolism |
| What are the three parts of a sperm cell? | head, middle, and tail |
| Which part of a sperm cell contains the genetic information? | the head |
| what does the middle of a sperm cell contain? | mitochondria |
| This is the name for the tail of a sperm cell | flagella |
| What is the purpose of a flagella? | promote movement |
| This carries sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct | vas deferens |
| what two functions does the urethra serve? | It carries sperm and it carries urine |
| What is the purpose of the seminal vessicle? | to secrete semen |
| This is a donut shaped gland that produces semen and through which the urethra passes. | prostate |
| What is the most common cancer found in men? | prostate cancer |
| What male organ is made up of erectile tissue and contains the urethra | penis |
| the sensitive end of the penis is called the _______. | glans |
| What three male structures make seminal fluid? | epididymis, prostate gland, and seminal vesicle |
| How many sperm actually fertilize an egg? | one |
| If only one sperm fertilizes an egg, why is it necessary to release several sperm? | It is believed that the other sperm break down the outside of the egg so a sperm can enter |
| At what point in a male life can they father a child? | from puberty until advanced age |
| The complete inability to reproduce is called _________ | sterility |
| An abnormally low ability to produce is called _________ | infertile |
| This is the term for decreased sperm production. | oligospermia |
| What are some causes of oligospermia? | infection, fever, radiation, malnutrition, and a high temperature in teh testes |
| This is the term for undescended testes. | cryptochidism |
| When is testicular cancer most common in men? | between the ages of 25 and 35. |
| What is a prostatectomy? | The removal of the prostate |
| This is the inability to achieve an erection. | impotence |
| This is when the intestines push through a weak area of the abdominal wall and protrude into the scrotum. | inguinal hernia |
| The gonads in the male is better known as the _______. | testes |
| What is the male gametes? | sperm cell |
| What are the two functions of the testes? | exocrine and edocrine |
| What is the exocrine function of the testes? | to produce sperm |
| What is the endocrine function of the testes? | to produce testosterone |
| This divides the scrotal sac into a left and right side. | septum |
| What is contained in the scrotum? | the testes and epididymis |
| What is the tunica albuginea? | A capsule that surrounds each testis |
| This is the extension of the capsule that extends into the testis and divides it into lobules. | septa |
| These are tightly coiled structures that produce sperm. | seminiferous tubules |
| Sperm move from the simniferous tubules into the ____________, which is the first part of the duct system. | rete testis |
| _______________ cells in the seminiferous tubules produce androgens such as testosterone. | Interstitial |
| What three structures make up the duct system? | epididymis, ductus (vas) deferns, and the urethra |
| This is a comma-shaped, coild tube that is found along the testes and acts to store sperm. | epididymis |
| How long does it take for sperm to get through the course of the epididymis? | about 20 days |
| When sperm leave the epididymis, what structure do they travel to? | the vas deferns |
| Besides storing sperm, what other function does the epididymis have? | sperm mature and gain the ability to swim |
| By what process are sperm moved? | peristalsis |
| What is contained in the spermatic cord? | ductus deferens, blood vessels, and nerves |
| This procedure involves cutting the level of the testes to prevent transportation of sperm. | vasectomy |
| What are the three regions of the urethra? | prostatic urethra, membraneous urethra, and the spongy or (penile) urethra. |
| What is the membraneous urethra? | The part of the urethra that extends from the prostatic urethra and the spongy urethra |
| What is the purpose of the seminal vesicle? | It produces 60% of all semen. |
| What is the content of semen? | fructose (sugar), vitamin C, prostaglandins, and other substances that activate sperm |
| What is hypertrophy of the prostate? | enlarging of the prostate |
| What problems are associated with hypertrophy of the prostate? | difficulty urinating and kidney infections |
| Inflammation of the prostate is called _________. | prostatitis |
| What is the third most prevalent cancer found in males? | prostate cancer |
| What test is used to detect prostate cancer? | PSA test |
| What is the purpose of the bulbourethral glands? | It produces a clear mucus that cleanses the urethra of acidic urine, it seres as a lubricant during sexual intercourse, and it is secreted into the urethra |
| What causes male infertility? | obstruction of the duct system, hormonal imbalances, environmental estrogens, pesticides, excessive alcohol |
| What types of things are determined by a semen analysis? | sperm count, motility, morphology (size and shape), semen volume, ph, fructose content |
| Why does it take 20 million sperm for fertility but only one to fertilize an egg? | It is believed the other sperm help to break down the outside of the egg so a sperm can enter. |
| What are the three regions of the penis? | shaft, glans penis (enlarged tip), and the pupose or foreskin |
| The penis is made of what type of tissue? | spongy tissue |
| What causes an erection? | The spongy tissue of the penis becomes filled with blood |
| This is the hormone that modifies spermatogonia division. | follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). It begins being produced during puberty |
| What two types of cells are produced by the spermatogonia (stem cells) | Type A daughter cell and Type B daughter cell. |
| What is the purpose of the Type A daughter cell? | It stays at the tubule periphery to maintain the stem cell population. |
| What is the purpose of the Type B daughter cell? | It undergoes meiosis and forms four sperm cells. |
| Why are the gamets called spermatids? | they contain 23 chromosomes (half as much material as other body cells) |
| The union of the sperm and egg cell create a ___________ which contains 46 chromosomes. | zygote |
| How long does spermatogenesis take? | 64 to 72 days |
| What is contained in the head of the sperm cell? | The DNA |
| What is the purpose of the acrosome of the sperm cell? | It breaks down and releases enzymes to help the sperm penetrate and egg |
| What hormone is activated during puberty and activates the interstitial cells to produce testosterone? | luteinizing hormone (LH) |
| What happens if testosterone is never produced? | secondar sex characteristics never appear, reproductive organs remain childlike, decreased sex drive, sterility- because testosterone is necessary for the final stages of sperm production |
| What effect will castration have on the adult male? | his interstitial cells will not be able to produce testosterone? |
| What is sexual infantilism? | when reproductive organs remain childlike. |
