| A | B |
|---|
| testes | male gonads |
| seminiferous tubules | tubules inside testes where sperm are formed |
| epididymis | storage area inside testes where sperm become mature |
| Vas deferens | tube that carries sperm from testes to urethra |
| urethra | tube that carries urine and, in males, sperm out of the body |
| seminal vesicles, Cowper's and prostate gland | secrete fluids into the urethra which nourish and protect sperm |
| semen | mixture of sperm and fluids |
| testosterone | male hormone produced by testes |
| secondary sex traits | physical traits appearing in adolescence not directly involved in reproduction |
| ex. of male secondary sex traits | beard, deep voice, muscle development |
| ex. of female secondary sex traits | breast development, wider pelvis |
| ovaries | female gonads |
| follicles | tiny sacs in ovary where egg maturation occurs |
| ovulation | release of mature egg from follicle |
| Fallopian tubes (oviducts) | tubes near ovaries which carry egg cells to uterus |
| uterus | muscular pear-shaped organ where embryo develops |
| cervix | narrow opening at bottom of uterus |
| vagina (birth canal) | passageway that leads from uterus to exterior of body |
| estrogen | female sex hormone produce in ovaries |
| menstrual cycle | hormone-controlled cycle in human female in which uterus prepares to receive egg |
| 28 days | average length of menstrual cycle |
| menopause | the permanent stopping of the menstrual cycle |
| follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) | secreted by pituitary during follicle stage |
| estrogen | secreted by follicle causes this build-up of the uterine lining |
| luteinizing hormone (LH) | hormone produced by pituitary that causes ovulation to occur |
| progesterone | hormone secreted by corpus luteum;maintains pregnancy |
| fertilization | uniting of sperm cell with egg cell to produce zygote |
| human chorionic gonadotropic hormone (HCG) | secreted by embryo to maintain corpus luteum until formation of placenta |
| In vitro fertilization | technique of uniting sperm and egg in glass dish in laboratory |
| amnion | surrounds embryo and fills with amniotic fluid, cushioning embryo from mechanical shock |
| placenta | organ that allows contact between mother's blood and embryo's;acts as barrier to some harmful substances |
| gestation | length of pregnancy |
| labor | rhythmic contraction of uterus which dilate cervix and expel baby from uterus |
| delivery | passage of baby through birth canal |
| afterbirth | membranes (placenta,amnion) expelled after delivery |
| prolactin | hormone secreted by pituitary which stimulates mammary glands to secrete milk |
| navel | scar on baby's abdomen left by umbilical cord |
| premature birth | birth earlier than 37 weeks gestation |
| caesarian section | incision through mother's abdomen and uterus, made in order to remove baby |
| gestation | period of a pregnancy lasts 40 weeks |
