| A | B |
|---|
| Joseph Stalin | Leader of the Soviet union from 1924 – turned it into a totalitarian police state |
| totalitarian | central gov’t maintains complete control over its citizens who have no rights |
| Benito Mussolini | fascist leader of Italy whose rise begins in 1919 and eventually turns Italy into a totalitarian state |
| Adolph Hitler | nat’l socialist leader in Germany who dismantles the democratic Weimar Republic & converts it into a brutal police state |
| fascism | right-wing political philosophies advocating a strong central gov’t led by a strong dictator |
| Nazism | right-wing political philosophies advocating a strong central gov’t led by a strong dictator, extreme nationalism, racism, and national expansion |
| Neutrality Acts | series of acts that prohibit the sale of arms or loans to countries involved in wars or civil war |
| Communism | an economic and political system based on one-party gov’t and state ownership of property |
| Neville Chamberlain | British Prime Minister who followed a policy of appeasement with Hitler in order to avert a second world war |
| Winston Churchill | British opposition leader who denounced the appeasement policy as shameful |
| Appeasement | the giving up of principles to pacify an aggressor |
| non-aggression pact | an agreement between Germany & the Soviet Union not to fight each other |
| blitzkrieg | lightening war; sudden swift mechanized attacks that characterized the German start of World War II |
| sitzkrieg | period of waiting and boredom along the French-German border between the invasion of Poland in September 1939 and the invasion Western countries in May 1940 |
| Battle of Britain | German air assault on Britain in 1940 lasting 2 months & designed as a prelude to invasion |
| Charles de Gaulle | French general who led the Free French gov’t-in-exile after France surrenders in 1940 |
| Henri Pétain | French marshal & WWI hero who lead the Nazi puppet gov’t in southern France after the surrender |
| Vichy | Name of the French gov’t controlled by the Nazis in southern France after the 1940 surrender |
| the Phony War | what the French and British called the sitzkrieg |
| Holocaust | systematic murder of 11 million people across Europe in the 1930s and 1940s. |
| Kristallnacht | 9 Nov. 1939 when gangs of Nazi storm troopers attacked Jewish homes, businesses, & synagogues (as well as other enemies) |
| genocide | the deliberate, systematic killing of an entire people |
| Final Solution | Nazi genocide of the Jews |
| concentration camps | where civilians, enemy aliens, political prisoners, and sometimes prisoners of war are detained and confined, typically under harsh conditions. |
| Axis powers | Japan, Germany, and Italy during World War II |
| Lend-Lease Act | 1941 law that permitted the president to lend or lease arms & other supplies to “any country whose defense was vital to the United States.” |
| Good Neighbor Policy | the name of FDR’s foreign policy |
| Atlantic Charter | Agreement by FDR & Prime Minister Winston Churchill setting forth the causes of WWII & a series of pledges both nations agreed to followed in prosecuting the war. |
| Allies | the 26 nations who signed the “A Declaration by the United Nations” and joined to fight the Axis powers |
| Hideki Tojo | militant nationalist Japanese general who became prime minister in 1941 |
