| A | B |
|---|
| the years between ancient and modern times, from about A.D. 500 until 1500 | Middle Ages |
| a system of power in Europe during the Middle Ages, kings and queens had the most power, followed by nobles, knights and peasants | Feudalism |
| a man who promised to be loyal to a landowner, who in return gave him a share of the land | vassal |
| a large estate, often including a village and farmlands, ruled by a lord in medieval Europe | manor |
| able to supply one's own needs | self-sufficient |
| a person who lived on and farmed a lord's land in feudal times, did not own land, but depended on the lord for protection | serf |
| persons ordained to perform religious duties | clergy |
| to expel or prevent someone from taking part in church life | excommunicate |
| a group of people in a town or village who practice a certain trade (i.e. weavers, masons, builders) | guild |
| an unpaid worker who is being trained in a craft (boys begin around the age of 12, for 7 years) | apprentice |
| the noble qualities that knights were to have, (bravery, loyalty, and doing heroic deeds to win the love of a worthy woman | chivalry |
| several military expeditions between A.D. 1095- 1272, supported by the Catholic church, tried to win back the Holy Land which included Jerusalem (present day Israel) | Crusades |
| a community that shares a government and sometimes a common language and culture | nation |
| - the "Great Charter", and agreement in which the King's power was limited over the nobles | Magna Carta |
| a council that advised the English king or queen in government matters- today a group that makes up part of the British government | parliament |
| 1412-1431, peasant girl who led the French army to victory over the English in the Hundred Years' War | Joan of Arc |
| also known as Palestine, includes parts of modern day Israel and Jordan, considered holy by the Jews, Christians, and Muslims | Holy Land |
| the capital city of modern day Israel, holy city for Jews, Christians, and Muslims | Jerusalem |
| - site of the Hundred Years' War, place where Joan of arc defeated the English | Orleans |
| A.D. 742-814, king of the Franks who conquered much of Western Europe, great patron of literature and learning | Charlemagne |
