| A | B |
|---|
| Solid | Particles packed tightly together, stay in fixed position. Definite shape/volume. |
| Liquid | Particles close together but free to move. No definite shape. Definite volume. |
| Gas | Particles spread apart, filling space. No definite shape or volume. |
| Fluids | Substances that can easily flow and change shape. |
| High Viscosity | Something resistant to flowing, like honey, has ____. |
| Low Viscosity | Something that flows easily, like water, has ____. |
| Viscosity | The resistance of a liquid to flowing. |
| Mixture | Physically combined but not chemically combined. Ex: veg soup. |
| Pure Substance | Made of only one kind of matter. Ex: Table sugar. |
| Element | A substance that cannot be broken down into other substances. |
| Compound | Made of two or more elements chemically combined in a specific ratio. |
| Atom | The smallest particle of an element. |
| Molecule | A group of atoms that are joined together. |
| Chemical Bond | The force that holds two atoms together. |
| Ionic Bond | One or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another. |
| Covalent Bond | Formed when electrons are shared between atoms. |
| Speed | The distance an object travels per unit of time. |
| Rate | The amount of something that changes in one unit of time. |
| Velocity | Speed in a given direction. |
| Acceleration | The rate at which an object's velocity changes. |
| Acceleration | Increasing or decreasing speed, or changing direction. |
| Force | A push or pull exerted on an object. |
| Work | When the force you exert causes the object to move some distance. |
| Joule (J) | The unit of work is the N*m. It is called ____ |
| Power | The rate at which work is done. |
| Watt | The units for power are N*m/s, or J/s. It is called ____. |
| Newton's 1st Law Of Motion | An object at rest stays at rest, object moving remains moving at same rate unless acted on by an outside force. |
| Inertia | The tendency of an object to resist a change in motion. |
| Force | An object at rest requires _____ to overcome its inertia. |
| Newton's 2nd Law Of Motion | The net force on an object is equal to the product of its acceleration and its mass. |
| Newton (N) | The unit of force, dg*m/s^2, is called ____. |
| Efficiency | Compares the output work to the input work. |
| Wave | A disturbance that transfers energy from place to place. |
| Mechanical Waves | Require a material to run through such as water. |
| Medium | Material that a wave travels through. |
| Electromagnetic Waves | Waves that can travel by themselves through empty space. |
| Transverse Waves | Waves you would make if you shook a rope up and down. |
| Longitudinal Waves | Stretch out a spring and push/pull one end to produce this wave. |
| Surface Waves | Combinations of transverse and longitudinal waves. |
| Sound | Example of longitudinal waves. |
| Waves on the Ocean | Example of surface waves. |
| Light | Example of electromagnetic waves. |
| Wavelength | The distance between the two corresponding parts of a wave. |
| Amplitude | The max distance the particles of a medium move away from their rest position. |
| Frequency | The number of complete waves that pass a given point in a certain amount of time. |
| Determines Pitch | Frequency of sound wave. |
| Determines Color | Frequency of light wave. |
| Hertz (Hz) | The unit of frequency is 'wave per second' . |
| Reflection | When a wave hits a surface through which it cannot pass, it bounces back. |
| Refraction | The bending of waves due to a change in speed. |
| Interference | The interaction of two or more waves when they meet. |
| Example Of Reflection | Water waves hitting the side of a pool or light waves hitting a mirror. |
| Example Of Refraction | Partially submerged water skis appearing bent. |
| Example Of Interference | Radio producing static noise when under power lines. |
| Resonance | Vibrations traveling through an object match the object's natural frequency. |
| Example Of Resonance | A singer shattering a glass. |
| Polarization | The process which allows only some waves to pass through a filter. |
| Nucleus | Center of atom, contains protons and neutrons |
| Cell Nucleus | Contains genetic material (DNA) and controls activities |
| Nucleolus | Small, dense region within most nuclei, assembly of proteins begins here |
| Nuclear Envelope | Layer of two membranes that surrounds nucleus of cell |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | Internal membrane system in cells in which lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled and some proteins are modified |
| Golgi apparatus | Stack of membranes in the cell that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins from endoplasmic reticulum |
| Centrioles | One of two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm of animal cells near the nuclear envelope |
| Mitochondrion | Cell organelle, converts chemical energy stored in food into compounds that cell uses |
| Cell membrane | Thin, flexible barrier around a cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell |
| Ribosomes | Small particle in cell on which proteins are assembled; made of RNA and protein |
| Cell Wall | Strong supporting layer around cell membrane in plants, algae, and some bacteria |
| Chloroplast | Organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy |
| Vacuole | Cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates |
| Lysosomes | Cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell |
| Centrosomes | The centrioles lie in a region that helps to organize the spindle, a fanlike microtubule structure that helps separate the chromosomes. |
