| A | B |
|---|
| organic compounds | contain C atoms covalently bonded to C atoms and other elements |
| monomers | the building blocks of polymers |
| polymers | are built from repeating monomers |
| macromolecules | large polymers / really big molecules |
| condensation reaction | uniting two organic molecules by removing a water from between them |
| hydrolysis reaction | splitting an organic molecule into two by inserting a water molecule |
| disaccharide | two sugars combined by condensation |
| polysaccharide | three or more sugars combined by condensation |
| monosaccharide | the monomer of all carbohydrates |
| carbohydrates | organic compounds with C, H, and O with a 2:1 H:O ratio |
| proteins | organic molecules composed of C, H, O & N with amino acid monomers |
| amino acids | the monomer building blocks of proteins |
| peptide bond | the covalent bond between amino acids |
| substrate | the reactant being catalyze by an enzyme |
| enzymes | proteins that act as catalysts for living chemical reactions |
| lipids | large, nonpolar organic molecules that do not dissolve in water |
| fatty acids | unbranched carbon chains that make up most lipids |
| hydrophilic | means "water loving" |
| hydrophobic | means "water fearing" |
| triglyceride | a lipid with three fatty acid chains |
| nucleic acids | large organic molecules in charge of storing information in cells |
| DNA | nucleic acid in charge of the hereditary code |
| RNA | nucleic acid that transfers the hereditary code by making proteins |
| glucose | the monosaccharide made during photosynthesis |
| catalyze | to speed up a chemical reaction |
| equilibrium | a state that exists when the concentration of a substance is the same throughout a space |
| pH | a measure of how acid or basic a solution is |
| synthesized | the process by which a chemical is made |
| precursor | a chemical that must come before another can be sythesized |
