| A | B |
|---|
| traits | genetic characteristic such as eye color and height |
| genetics | studies how traits are transmitted from parents to offspring |
| pollination | male pollen reaches the female stigma |
| anthers | male reproductive part of flower producing pollen |
| stigma | female part of flower catching pollen |
| self-pollination | pollen from the anthers reaches the stigma of the same flower |
| cross-pollination | pollen from one plant reaches another plants stigma |
| pure | individuals that only produce offspring with that trait |
| strain | individuals that are pure for specific traits |
| P1 generation | a generation that were pure strains for a trait |
| F1 generation | a generation resulting from crossing the P1 generation |
| F2 generation | generation resulting from crossing the F1 generation |
| dominant | the trait that masks the recessive trait in the F1 generation |
| recessive | trait that disappeared in the F1 generation |
| law of segregation | a pair of factors separate during gamete formation |
| law of independent assortment | factors for different traits are distributed independently |
| molecular genetics | study of chromosomes and genes |
| allele | alternative form of a gene |
| genotype | the genetic makeup of an organism |
| phenotype | the physical appearance of an organism because of its genotype |
| homozygous | both alleles of a pair are alike (BB or bb) |
| heterozygous | two alleles of a pair are different (Bb) |
| probability | the likelihood that a specific event will occur |
| monohybrid cross | a cross between individuals for one pair of contrasting traits (Bb x Bb) |
| Punnett square | a genetic diagram predicting the outcome of parental crosses |
| genotypic ratio | the ratio of genotypes that appear in offspring |
| phenotypic ratio | ratio of the offsprings' phenotypes |
| testcross | an individual of unknown genotype is crossed with a homozygous recessive |
| complete dominance | BB and Bb are indistinguishable in phenotype |
| incomplete dominance | red flowers crossed with white flowers make pink flowers |
| codominance | a white cow and a brown cow mate and have a white and brown offspring |
