| A | B |
|---|
| Columbia | only SA country with coastline on the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean |
| tierra cliente | "hot country" at the lower elevations of the Ande Mtns where the temperature is a hot and humid 85 -90 F ; produces tropical products like bananas and cacao |
| tierra templada | temperate country with temps of 75-80F with many people living here and coffee, cotton, potatoes, sugarcane and tobacco |
| tierra fria | cold country with temps of 65-70F; with elevation of 6,000 to 10,000 there is cool forests and grasslands; crops are pototoes and wheat |
| paramo | 10,00-15,000 feet with temps of 50-55F; grasslands & hardy shrubs feed llamas, sheep & alpacas |
| tierra helada | frozen country above 16,000 feet with temps of 30-35 and frosts anytime; permanently covered with snow |
| Columbia economy | based on coffee, flower farming, rice maize and drugs; biggest emerald producer in world |
| guerilla groups | armed bands that take part in irregular warfare, including harassment and raids, against established governments |
| Columbian politics | history of civil war and corrupt governments; violence due to drug trade |
| Venezuela | 4 regions: northern mtns; tropical lowland coastal plain; llanos (savannas near Orinoco River); Guiana Highlands |
| Venezuelan economy | oil & iron ore resources important; Orinoco River harnessed for power; sugarcane and coffee |
| slash & burn farming | agriculture in which forests are cut and burned to clear land for farming |
| Venezuelan culture | most people mestizos who live along Caribbean coast |
| Guyana | former British colony with many people of South Asian descent; now affiliates with communist countries |
| Suriname | former Dutch colony that became independent in 1975; sugarcane, rice tropical fruits; wood products; bauzite producer; very mixed population of Africans, mulattos, Chinese, Indonesians and South Asians |
| French Guiana | Fraqnce's largest overseas territory; produces cacao, sugarcane bananas;exports gold, timber and shrimp |
| Brazil | largest country in SA; people speak Protuguese |
| Brazil geography | 3 regions:Amazon region; highlands; plateau |
| soil exhaustion | loss of soil nutrients that occurs when the same things are planted over and over |
| Brazilian cultural/economic regions | 4: northeast (along coast is very poor); southeast ( modern cities and capital with urban centers, agriculture and mining, & tourists); Campo cerrado (frontier land of savanns and dry woodlands; scientists ahve now figured out way to make soil fertile); Amazon (rain forests with rubber, nuts, medicinal plants0 |
| favelas | slum areas in cities in Brazil where poor people have moved trying to find work (in NE & campo cerrado) |
| growth pole | a metorpolitan area given official help to strengthen its economic development; Manaus is example of one in Amazon Basin |
| Argentina | 2nd largest SA country |
| Argentinian geography | Andes mountains; Chaco (low plains with savannas); pampas; Patagonia (dry windswept plateaus) |
| Argentinian economy | beef grown on the Pampas; sheep raised in Patagonia; wheat; textiles; most people involved in manufacturing |
| Argentinian politics | ineffective governments run by dictators and militry; war with Britain over Falkland Islands |
| Uruguay | Montevideo is business and government capital; high literacy rate and large middle class; rivers harnessed for hydro electric power |
| Paraguay | poor country inhabited by mestizos that work as migrant laborers |
| landlocked | country that is completely surrounded by land and does not have access to ocean |
| buffer state | small country that separates two larger countries |
| tannin | a substance used in curing leather that comes from quebracho trees |
| Ecuador | Spanish word for equator |
| Ecuador's geography | 3 regions: eastern, Oriente, Amazon lowlands; Ande mountains, the Sierra; Costa, lowlands along Pacific coast where over 1/2 of the people live |
| selvas | thick rain forest vegetation |
| Ecuador's economy | oil in the Oriente; small farms in the Sierra, larger farms on the Costa with tropical crops like bananas, coffee,; offshore fishing |
| Ecuador's human geography | cities in Sierra still very primitive, historic; cities along Costa more modern with oil and modern agricutlure;now a democracy |
| Galapagos Islands | part of Ecuador with incredible wildlife and growing tourist business |
| Peru | 3 regions: Oriente (Amazon where coca leaves grown), Andes highlands; coastal region (dry desert) |
| altiplano | highland plain of grasslands between the two ranges of Andes mountains in Peru; heartland of Inca empire |
| el nino | weather pattern that occurs every 5 - 10 years wherein ocean near coast warms, fish leave fishing areas, and there is alot of lowland flooding |
| Peru's political | underdeveloped country, poor, that needs to import food, large national debt that causes inflation |
| terrorism | a use of violence as political force |
| Bolivia | landlocked countryn south of Peru with 2 regions: western higlands & eastern lowlands |
| coup | an overthorw of existing government by another politcal or military group |
| Lake Titicaca | highest lake in the world on which ships travel; in Peru & Bolivia |
| Lake Poopo | salty lake in Bolivia |
| La Paz | capital of Boliva; h ighest capital in world |
| Bolivia's economy | silver, tin, copper, lead and zinc |
| Chile | means land's end; odd shape 110 miles wide & 2650 miles long |
| Atacama Desert | northern Chile with guanao & nitrate for fertilizers |
| cartel | a group of business organizations tha agree to limit supplies of a product and keep prices high |
| latifunda system | used in Central Chile, develped by Spanish colonists where tenant farmers work part of the land for their own food in return for labor on larger farms owned by the wealthy |
| minifundios | samll farms created by the government by dividing large estates |
| Central Chile | where Santiago is and where 1/2 of the people live; more urban |
| Southern Chile | settled by Europeans with larger farms that are more prosperous at growing wheat,, dairy products beef |
