| A | B |
|---|
| capitalism | America's economic system based on competition & the profit motive |
| urban | having "city" characteristics |
| rural | pertaining to the "country" |
| agrarian | agriculture, farming |
| rural to urban | turn of the century shift in population |
| water/animal/manual to gas/electricity | turn of the century shifts in energy sources |
| homes/agrarian to industry/manufacturing | shifts in economic focus in early 20th century America |
| "laissez faire" | gov't stays out of economic affairs |
| trust | group of corporations run by a single, powerful board of directors |
| monopoly | a corporation that has majority/total control of an industry |
| Sherman Anti-trust Act | 1890 ban on monopolies |
| Gross National Product (GNP) | total value of goods & services produced in one year |
| industrialization | to shift an economy to focus on manufacturing |
| urbanization | development/growth of cities |
| emigrate | to leave a country and live in another |
| immigrate | to come to a new country |
| native/nativist | an original resident; one who has always lived in a nation |
| ethnic neighborhoods | where immigrants settled to feel "at home" |
| tenements | poorly built, overcrowded apartments |
| Great Migration | freed ex-slaves moved north for jobs |
| labor unions | organized group to help workers |
| strike | refusal to work |
| Knights of Labor | early labor union eventually opened to unskilled |
| American Federation of Labor | early labor union still active today |
| Samuel Gompers | originated the American Federation of Labor |
| Triangle Shirtwaist Fire | tragedy that led to an increase in labor unions |
| "Old" immigrants | early wave of immigration, mostly from northern & western Europe |
| "New" immigrants | period of immigration largely from southern & western Europe |
| Push factors | events that caused people to leave their country |
| Pull factors | opportunities in a nation that draw immigrants |
| Angel Island | immigration center in San Francisco |
| Ellis Island | immigration center in New York City |
| assimilation | adjusting & becoming a part of a new culture |
| stereotype | characteristics are assumed |
| "Melting Pot" | belief that America is many cultures blended together |
| pluralism | many diverse groups existing together |
| Hull House | settlement house established by Jane Addams |
