| A | B |
|---|
| acid | compound with a pH below 7 that tastes sour |
| base | compound with a pH above 7 that tastes bitter |
| pH scale | used to measure how acidic or basic a substance is on a scale of 0-14 |
| salt | compound formed from the positive ion of a base and the negative ion of an acid |
| neutralization | reaction in which an acid combines with a base to form water and salt |
| organic compound | compound that contains carbon |
| isomer | one of a number of compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structures |
| isotope | atom that has the same number of protons as another atom but a different number of neutrons |
| hydrocarbon | organic compound that contains only hydrogen and carbon |
| saturated hydrocarbon | hydrocarbon in which all the bonds between carbon atoms are single covalent bonds |
| unsaturated hydrocarbon | hydrocarbon in which one or more of the bonds between carbon atoms is a double covalent or triple covalent bond |
| alkane | straight-chain or branched-chain single saturated hydrocarbon |
| alkene | unsaturated hydrocarbon in which at least one pair of carbon atoms is joined by a double covalent bond |
| alkyne | unsaturated hydrocarbon in which at least one pair of carbon atoms is joined by a triple covalent bond |
| petroleum | crude oil |
| monomer | smaller molecule that joins with other smaller molecules to form a chain molecule called a polymer |
| polymer | large molecule in the form of a chain whose links are smaller molecules called monomers |
| polymerization | process of chemically bonding monomers to form polymers |
| alpha particle | weakest type of nuclear radiation that consists of a helium nucleus released during alpha decay |
| beta particle | electron, created in the nucleus of an atom, released during beta decay |
| gamma ray | high-frequency electromagnetic wave released during gamma decay; the strongest type of nuclear radiation |
| nuclear fission | splitting of an atomic nucleus into two smaller nuclei of approximately equal mass |
| nuclear fusion | joining of two atomic nuclei of smaller mass to form a single nucleus of larger mass |
