| A | B |
|---|
| What were the large cathedrals in which groups of students learned in called? | Universities |
| What invention made books readily available to all persons? | The Printing Press |
| What Pope has been dubbed the unworthy of all time? | Pope John XII |
| What happened when the pope crowed Charlemagne? | This took the western church from the eastern church's power, and it also entangled the church in European politics |
| How did Universities originate? | Groups of cathedral school students were getting together for classes. |
| Explain why the crusaders were a mortal fortune. | The leaders fought one another, and Christians fought other Christians |
| What good came from the Crusades when they opened Europe to the East? | The crusaders brought back useful inventions |
| What did Charlemagne make the Saxons do after he conqured them? | He forced them to receieve baptism |
| Who crowned Charlemagne "Emperor of the Romans" at the Christians' Mass at Saint Peter's Basilica in Rome? | Pope Leo III |
| What two people of monasteries were often powerful lord's of the feudal estates? | Bishops and Abbots |
| Who encouraged the Byzantine missionaries to preach among his Russian people? | Vladimir I |
| In what way did the role of the king change after the year 1000? | He became stronger, and the power became more centralized and stabilized in their hands |
| What was the original purpose of the Crusades? | Pope Urban II wanted to free Byzantine territory from the Turks, and then take Jerusalem and the Holy Land from the Saracen Muslims |
| What were the knights granted after they returned home from the first crusade? | Indulgences |
| What territory was known as the Papel States? | A wide stripe of Italy in the middle of the Italian "Boot" |
| How long did the Papel States remain an independent country? | more than 11 hundred years |
| In 1122, the controversey overlay investure was resolved by what? | Concordat of Worms |
| In what year did Vladimir baptize the Byzantine church? | 988 |
