| A | B |
|---|
| leaching | when soil nutrients are dissolved by water and washed away |
| A Horizon | soil we call topsoil |
| B Horizon | soil layer below the A Horizon |
| Humus | dark, colored decayed organic matter |
| Soil | weathered rock, air & water, minerals, and organic matter |
| oxidation | chemical weathering after exposure to oxygen and water |
| ice wedging | how frozen water can make a crack in rock bigger over time |
| Chemical weathering | weathering that changes the chemical composition of rock |
| Mechanical weathering | weathering that breaks rock into smaller pieces but does not change its chemical make-up |
| Weathering | its agents are mechanical and chemical weathering |
| sonar | uses the echoes of sound waves to show underwater features |
| Topex-Poseidon | a satellite that uses radar to make images of earth |
| Landsat | a satellite that uses mirrors to make images of earth |
| map scale | shows distance on a map |
| map legend | shows what the symbols on a map mean |
| topograpic map | a map that shows changes in elevation |
| contour lines | lines that connect places with the same elevation |
| conic projection | used to make very accurate maps for small areas |
| Mercator projection | used by ship's captains to navigate |
| Robinson projection | its distortion is showing parallel lines of latitude |
| longitude | Prime meridian is to ___ as equator is to latitude |
| latitude | Prime meridian is to longitude as equator is to ___ |
| prime meridian | is located at Greenwich, England |
| equator | imaginary line located halfway between the poles |
| grid system | formed by crossing lines of latitude and longitude |
| upwarped mountains | rock forced up by internal forces, then the sedimentary layer erodes away |
| fault-block mountains | tilted blocks of rock separated by faults |
| folded mountains | mountains formed when rock is squeezed from opposite directions |
| volcanic mountains | mountains formed by molten material reaching the earth's surface |
| plains | large relatively flat areas |
| plateaus | raised flat areas of land |
