AP Terms List - Highland Springs H.S. Psychology
Students: If you master these terms you will do well on the National Advanced Placement Psychology Exam. You will be responsible for 12 words per week. Define them and be prepared for a quiz once a week.
1 Aaron Beck's view of depression
2 absolute threshold
3 achievement vs. aptitude tests
4 action vs. resting potential
5 acuity-vision
6 Ainsworth Strange Situation (Paradigm)
7 Albert Bandura: major view on learning and Bobo Doll experiment
8 Albert Ellis - Rational Emotive Therapy (RET)
9 Alfred Adler - inferiority complex
10 all-or-nothing law (all-or-none) of neural firing
11 altruism
12 American Psychological Association (APA)
13 amnesia (anteriograde & retrograde)
14 apparent motion
15 arousal
16 Asch's conformity study (line segments)
17 attachment
18 attribution theory
19 aversive conditioning (good or bad?)
20 aversive conditions
21 Babinsky response
22 behavior as being adaptive
23 bell curve (normal distribution)
24 Benjamin Worf's theory of linguistic relativism (determinism)
25 binocular disparity
26 blind spot
27 blood brain barrier
28 brain: what part do we share with animals? How do we differ?
29 brainstorming
30 Broca's aphasia (expressive) located in left frontal lobe
31 bystander intervention: factors that influence it
32 Cannon's critique of James-Lange theory
33 Carl Rogers: person (client) centered therapy
34 Carol Gilligan's critique of Kohlberg's theory
35 chaining
36 character disorders : major ones
37 chunking
38 classical conditioning ( & can you distinguish it from operantl conditioning)
39 Clever Hans experiment
40 cognitive dissonance
41 color blindness: kinds
42 complementary colors
43 conflicts: four kinds
44 control group
45 correlation coefficients
46 cortexes of the brain : major ones
47 cross cultural studies
48 cross sectional studies
49 crystallized intelligence: acquired and usually does not decline with age
50 CS-CR-UCS-UCR
51 Daniel Goleman's views on emotional intelligence
52 David McClelland's achievement motivation studies
53 defense mechanisms: major ones
54 deindividuation
55 deinstitutionalization
56 dendrite (purpose of)
57 depression: trycyclic antidepressants are most widely used to treat it
58 descriptive vs. inferential statistics
59 determinism
60 developmental psychology
61 Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( purpose and limits)
62 difference threshold (jnd)
63 discrimination (in learning theory and race relations)
64 displacement
65 dissociative disorders
66 dominant responses (aided by social facilitation)
67 Down's syndrome
68 dream analysis
69 drives
70 Ebbinhaus' research on memory
71 echoic memory
72 effects of marijuana
73 eidetic memory
74 electroconvulsive shock therapy
75 Elizabeth Loftus' research on eyewitness testimony
76 endocrine organs and hormones secreted by them
77 endorphins
78 engram
79 episodic memory (a.k.a. flashbulb)
80 equity theory of relationships
81 Erik Erikson's stages of psychosocial development
82 ethics of testing
83 experiment: be able to design one
84 false consensus effect
85 feature (signal) detector cells: Hubel & Wisel's research on visual processing
86 feature analysis
87 feral children
88 fetal alcohol syndrome: characteristics
89 figure - ground - phenomenon
90 foot-in-the-door phenomenon
91 formal operations
92 fovea
93 Francis Galton's research
94 free association
95 frequency polygon
96 Freudian dream analysis: two levels of interpretation
97 Freud's stage of psychosexual development
98 frustration-aggression hypothesis
99 functional fixedness
100 fundamental attribution error
101 galvanic skin response (GRS)
102 ganglia
103 Gansfeld Procedure
104 Gate Control Theory of Pain
105 generalizability of a study
106 genotype & phenotype
107 Gestalt theory
108 glial cells
109 group therapy (advantages of )
110 groupthink
111 gustatory sense: detects only sweet, sour, salty, bitter
112 habituation
113 Hans Seyle's General Adaptation Response
114 Harry Harlow's research with surrogate mothers
115 Hawthorne Effect
116 heuristics: major types
117 hierarchy of needs (Maslow) can you put them in order?
118 high vs. low self-monitors
119 hindsight bias
120 histogram
121 homeostasis
122 Howard Gardner's view of multiple intelligence
123 hue: (British term for color)
124 hybrid
125 hypnosis: major theories of
126 hypothalamus
127 id, ego, superego
128 IDEAL (strategy for solving problems)
129 identical twin research
130 identification vs. internalization (Freudian terms)
131 illusory correlation
132 imaging techniques: PET, CAT, MRI, FMRI
133 imprinting
134 incentives
135 independent/dependent variables
136 induced motion
137 inductive vs. deductive reasoning
138 industrial (organizational) psychology
139 ingroup and outgroup bias
140 inner ear - vestibular sense
141 instinct
142 instrumental - operant conditioning
143 Intelligence Quotient (I.Q.)
144 intelligence tests (major kinds used)
145 interference (proactive vs. retroactive)
146 internal consistency reliability
147 internalization
148 James-Lange theory of emotions
149 John Garcia's ideas on the limits of conditioning
150 just-world phenomenon
151 Karen Horney's views on development
152 kinesthetics
153 Kohlberg's stages of moral reasoning
154 Kubler Ross' stages of dying
155 L-dopa
156 learning curve
157 limbic system: structures and function
158 linear perspective
159 linkage analysis
160 lithium (bi-polar disorders)
161 localization of sound (how is it done? Why are two ears needed?)
162 long term potentiation
163 longitudinal study
164 loss of information from short term memory
165 major neurotransmitters
166 Martin Seligman's "learned helplessness"
167 measures of central tendency: mean, median, mode
168 measures of variability: range and standard deviation
169 memory: kinds ( sensory, short-term, long-term)
170 mental age
171 mental set
172 metacognition
173 method of loci
174 milieu therapy
175 Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) Test: use for what?
176 misinformation effect
177 modeling
178 monocular vs. binocular depth cues
179 motion aftereffect
180 motion parallax
181 myelin sheath: where and purpose?
182 narcissism
183 nature vs. nurture controversy
184 nervous system: major parts
185 neuron: three basic parts
186 neurotransmitters: major kinds
187 newborn baby reflexes
188 next-in-line-effect
189 normative social influence
190 norms
191 novelty preference
192 obesity (role of hypothalamus)
193 Obsessive Compulsive Disorders (OCD)
194 occipital lobe
195 Oedipal conflict
196 one eye problem - what you couldn't do well if you had only one eye
197 operationalizing a definition
198 opponent-process theory of emotions
199 opponent-process theory of visual processing (afterimages)
200 optic disc
201 optic nerve
202 pancreas
203 panic attacks (& what's the best treatment?)
204 paradoxical sleep: why is REM called this?
205 paresis
206 perceptual constancy (size,color,shape)
207 perceptual set
208 personal space
209 perspectives in psychology (major ones)
210 phenylketonuria (PKU)
211 phi phenomenon
212 phonemes vs. morphemes
213 photoreceptors
214 Piaget's stages of cognitive development
215 pineal gland (function and what makes it unique?)
216 pitch
217 pituitary gland
218 plasticity
219 positive reinforcement
220 post traumatic stress disorder
221 Premack principle
222 primacy effect
223 projective tests: TAT & Rorschach
224 prosocial behavior: what is it and give an example
225 proximity (effects on relationships)
226 prototype
227 punishment: why it may not be effective and might backfire
228 Rational Emotive Therapy
229 reality principle (function of ego)
230 recessive vs. dominant genes
231 reflex arc
232 reliability vs. validity in testing
233 REM sleep
234 repression
235 reticular formation: related to sleep, arousal, attention
236 retinal disparity (a.k.a. binocular disparity)
237 Robert Rescorla's findings on conditioning
238 rods and cones (structures & differences)
239 rooting reflex
240 sample
241 scatterplot: most often used to plot correlations
242 schedules of reinforcement (5 kinds - which are most effective?)
243 schema
244 schizophrenia
245 selective attention
246 self-efficacy
247 self-fulfilling prophecy
248 self-serving bias
249 semantic memory
250 serial position effect
251 set point
252 sexual characteristics (primary vs. secondary)
253 sexual identity vs. gender identity
254 shaping
255 signal detection theory
256 sleep disorders: major kinds
257 sleeper effect
258 social cognitive theory
259 social exchange theory
260 social facilitation
261 social loafing
262 social trap
263 somatoform disorders: major kinds
264 somatosensory cortex: location and used for what sense?
265 stages of learning (acquisition, extinction, spontaneous recovery, etc.)
266 standard deviation
267 Stanley Milgram's experiement with obedience
268 Stanley Schachter's Two Factor Theory
269 stereotype
270 stimulus generalization
271 stranger anxiety
272 systematic desensitization: a.k.a. a kind of counterconditioning
273 Tay-Sachs disease
274 testable hypothesis
275 thalamus (& what sense doesn't get routed through here?)
276 Thorndike's Law of Effect
277 thyroid gland
278 token economy
279 Tourette's syndrome
280 tragedy of the commons
281 transduction
282 Turner's syndrome (X with missing chromosome)
283 validity: different kinds
284 vestibular sense
285 visual cliff
286 water balance (role of hypothalamus)
287 Weber's law
288 Wernicke's aphasia (receptive) located in left temporal lobe
289 Wilder Penfield's research on the brain
290 Wilhelm Wundt (structualism)
291 William James (functionalism)
292 Yerkes/Dodson Arousal Law
293 Zajonc's "Mere Expose Effect"
294 Zimbardo's prison experiment
295 androgyny
296 catharsis
297 haptic memory
298 syllogism
299 expectancy theory (aka mental set)
300 algorithm
301 positive and negative symptoms (in mental disorders)
302 two kinds of deafness: Conductive and nerve
303 intrinsic vs. extrinsic motivation
304 divergent vs. convergent thinking
305 Flynn effect
306 tip-of-the-tongue effect
307 primary vs. secondary reinforcers
308 Cooper's research on visual processing (using cats)
309 agonist vs. antagonist chemicals
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