RENAISSANCE
-MEANS RE-BIRTH
-RE-BIRTH OF 3 THINGS:
1. CLASSICAL ART
2. HUMANISM
3. INDIVIDUALISM
-CHURCH CHANGES
ST. FRANCIS
-BELIEVED MONKS SHOULD GO INTO THE WORLD & PREACH
-HIS FOLLOWERS WERE CALLED FRANCISCANS
-FRANCISCANS TOOK VOW OF POVERTY
-NO TIME FOR MAKING MANUSCRIPTS
-MOSTLY RELIGIOUS SUBJECTS
-WITH A RETURN ALSO TO LANDSCAPE, STILL LIFE & MYTHOLOGY
-WORKSHOP - ART SCHOOL, LIKE A TRADE SCHOOL
- TEACHER CALLED MASTER
-PATRONAGE SYSTEM
-"PATRON" - PERSON WHO PAY FOR THE ART
-"COMMISSION" - TO HIRE
-"DONOR" - PATRON WHO GIVES THE ART TO CHURCH
-"DONOR PORTRAIT" - SHOWS THE PERSON WHO PAID FOR
THE PICTURE IN THE PICTURE
-PATRONAGE WAS BELIEVED TO BE A WAY TO HEAVEN
-"ART IS A SCIENCE"
-LEADS TO HIGH STATUS FOR ARTISTS
-ARTISTS WERE PRIDEFUL OF THEIR ACCOMPLISHMENTS
-START TO SIGN THEIR WORKS
-ARTISTS WERE "RENAISSANCE MEN"
-SOMEONE WHO CAN LOTS OF DIFFERENT THINGS
-MANY TALENTS
-COVERS 200 YEARS
-DIVIDES INTO 2 PARTS
-1400'S - EARLY REN.
-1500'S - HIGH REN.
- STARTS IN FLORENCE, ITALY
- CITY OF FLOWERS
- RICH FROM BANKING & CLOTH TRADE
- STARTS WITH A CONTEST
-WINNER TO MAKE BRONZE DOORS FOR BAPTISTERY
-BAPTISTERY IS BLDG. FOR BAPTISM
-GENERATED LOTS OF INTEREST
-CONTEST REQUIREMENTS
-STORY MUST BE SACRIFICE OF ISAAC
-MUST CAST IN BRONZE
-MUST USE QUATREFOIL SHAPE (LIKE A 4-LEAF CLOVER)
-34 JUDGES TO DECIDE (SHOWS IT TO BE A BIG DEAL)
-FINALISTS WERE GHIBERTI & BRUNELLESCHI
HOW THEY COMPARED
BRUNELLESCHI - SHOWED GREATER DRAMA, STRESSED CLARITY (FOCUS IN CENTER, MORE OPEN SPACES), USED ALL THE QUATREFOIL
GHIBERTI - SHOWED MORE ATTENTION TO SPACE, MORE DRAMATIC IN EMOTION, MORE GEOMETRIC, BETTER AT BRONZE CASTING, WAS MORE CLASSICAL
GHIBERTI WON, BRUNELLESCHI LOST
TEST SLIDE, SACRIFICE OF ISAAC, GHIBERTI, REN.
-
DONATELLO
-STUDENT OF GHIBERTI
-FROM FLORENCE
-TRAVELLED TO ROME TO STUDY ANCIENT ROME ART
-WAS INSPIRED TO BE CLASSICAL
TEST SLIDE, ST. MARK, DONATELLO, REN.
-DONE IN FLORENCE AFTER TRIP TO ROME
-SHOWS RE-BIRTH OF CLASSICAL ART
-MARBLE
-CONTRAPPOSTO
-SOFT DRAPERY
-DETAILS OF ANATOMY
-INDIVIDUALISM OF FACE
-HUMANISM OF EXPRESSION (EYES DRILLED)
-HOWEVER - NOT FREE-STANDING
-MADE TO GO UP HIGH ON BLDG.
-PROPORTIONED TO LOOK RIGHT FROM BELOW
-PATRONS WERE CLOTH TRADERS - IE, CLOTH PILLOW
-DONATELLO & PATRONS DISAGREED ON PROPORTIONS
- SHOWS DONATELLO TO HAVE SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE, CONFIDENCE &
HIGH STATUS
TEST SLIDE, BRONZE DAVID, REN.
-SHOWS YOUNG VICTORIOUS DAVID
-BECAME SYMBOL CHARACTER OF FLORENCE
-RE-BIRTH OF CLASSICAL STYLE
-NUDITY = BEAUTY OF BODY
-CALM, CONTRAPPOSTO, INDIVIDUALISM
-FIRST FREE-STANDING - MADE FOR MEDICI GARDEN
-MEDICI FAMILY
-MOST IMPORTANT PATRONS OF FLORENCE - BANKERS
GATTAMALATA
-FIRST EQUESTRIAN OF REN.
LINEAR ONE-POINT PERSPECTIVE
-SCIENTIFIC WAY TO SHOW DISTANCE
-INVENTED BY BRUNELLESCHI
MASACCIO
-FROM FLORENCE, DIED AT 27 YRS
-THE PIONEER OF REN. PAINTING
MADONNA & CHILD
-AN ALTARPIECE
-PANEL PAINTING - PAINTED ON WOOD WITH TEMPERA (WATER-BASED PAINT)
-NOT LIKE MEDIEVAL MADONNA & CHILD
-SHOWS DEPTH USING 1-POINT PERSPECTIVE
-FIGURES 3-D - SHADING
-VARIETY IN POSES
-USE OF FORESHORTENING - IE HALOS
-HUMANISTIC - BABY LOOKING & BABY ACTING CHRIST
-USE OF GEOMETRY - TRIANGLE FOR BALANCE
TEST SLIDE, TRIBUTE MONEY, MASACCIO, REN
-ABOUT TAXES - DIVIDED INTO 3 EPISODES
-TO ENCOURAGE FLORENTINES TO PAY THEIR TAXES
-SHOWS RE-BIRTH OF CLASSICAL STYLE:
-DEPTH WITH 1-POINT & ATMOSPHERIC PERSPECTIVES
-SHADING - ROUND FIGURES
-FORESHORTENING
-MOVEMENT, CONTRAPPOSTO
-SHADOWS CASTING FROM SUN
-THRU THE WINDOW FRAME
-SHOWS RE-BIRTH OF HUMANISM
-NATURAL LANDSCAPE SETTING
-EARTHLY COLORS
-SHOWS RE-BIRTH OF INDIVIDUALISM
-DIFFERENT POSES, DIFFERENT FACES
-FACES BASED ON PEOPLE THAT MASACCIO KNEW
-IS A FRESCO - NOT PANEL PAINTING
-WALL PAINTING ON WET PLASTER
-TEMPERA PAINT
-DONE IN SECTIONS
-ADVANTAGES - VERY PERMANENT, FAST TO DO, COVERS LARGE AREAS
-DISADVANTAGES - DIFFICULT TO CORRECT MISTAKES, LESS INTENSE
COLOR, LESS DETAIL
TEST SLIDE, TRINITY, MASACCIO, REN.
-FRESCO
-DIVIDES INTO 2 PARTS
-TRINITY ABOVE WITH KNEELING DONORS
-SKELETON OF ADAM BELOW - WARNING DEATH IS CERTAIN
-1 POINT PERSPECTIVE
-CLASSICAL/ROMAN ARCHITECTURE - COFFERING, BARREL VAULT
-MAKES THE WINDOW FRAME
-CALM
-TRIANGLES FOR BALANCE AND TO SYMBOLIZE TRINITY
ANNUNCIATION - SUBJECT OF ANGEL TELLING MARY SHE WILL HAVE GOD'S CHILD - VERY COMMON, ANGEL ON LEFT, MARY ON RIGHT
FRA LIPPI
-ALSO A MONK
-FOLLOWER OF MASACCIO
TEST SLIDE, MADONNA & CHILD, FRA LIPPI, REN
FRANCESCA
-FOLLOWER OF MASACCIO
-KNOWN FOR GEOMETRY & FOLLOWING A GRID
DIPTYCH - 2 SIDED PANEL PAINTING - OPENS & CLOSES
- PORTRAITS DONE IN PROFILE - INSPIRED BY ROMAN COINS
BOTTICELLI
-FROM FLORENCE
-PROMOTED BY MEDICI
-EARLY WORKS DIFFERENT FROM LATE WORKS
TEST SLIDE, BIRTH OF VENUS, BOTTICELLI, REN.
-PANEL PAINTING
-FOR MEDICI
-EARLY BOTTICELLI B/C IT IS MYTHOLOGY
-VENUS IS GODDESS OF LOVE & BEAUTY
-SHE WAS BORN FROM SEA IN THE SPRING
-WINTER WINDS & FLORA
-MEANT TO SHOW BEAUTY & IDEALISM
-BROKE ALL REN. RULES
-FLAT, NO PERSPECTIVE
-NOT GEOMETRIC & GRIDDED (ALL CURVY)
-FEET ON TIP-TOE
-DISTORTED ANATOMY & POSITIONS
-SHOWS NEO-PLATONISM - COMPARISON OF MYTHOLOGY &
CHRISTIANITY
SHELL SYMBOL FOR BOTH MARY & VENUS
TEST SLIDE, PRIMAVERA, BOTTICELLI, REN
-PANEL PAINTING
-FOR A MEDICI WEDDING
-EARLY BOTTICELLI
-SHOWS ARRIVAL OF SPRING
-SHOWS NEO-PLATONISM - HALO OF NATURE
-REPRESENTS CITY OF FLORENCE - CITY OF FLOWERS
BOTTICELLI BECAME A WEEPER - FOLLOWER OF FRA SAVONAROLA
-MONK WHO PREACHED AGAINST THE EVILS OF REN ART
-BURNED ART, BOOKS, MUSIC, ETC.
-RAN ARTISTS & MEDICI OUT OF FLORENCE
-ENDS UP BEING EXECUTED FOR HERESY
-EXECUTION OF SAVONAROLA IS CONSIDERED THE END OF FLORENCE
& THE END OF THE EARLY REN.
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