L to j for Cisco part one
1. A&B bit signaling Procedure used in T1 transmission facilities in which each of the 24 T1 sub channels devotes one bit of every sixth frame to the carrying of supervisory signaling information. Also called 24th channel signaling.
2. AARP AppleTalk Address Resolution Protocol. Protocol in the AppleTalk protocol stack that maps a data-link address to a network address.
3. ABM Asynchronous Balanced Mode. An HDLC (and derivative protocol) communication mode supporting peer-oriented, point-to-point communications between two stations, where either station can initiate transmission.
4. AC alternating current. Electrical current that reverses its direction regularly and continually. It is the form of electrical power found in residential and commercial buildings. The abbreviation for this term is AC.
5. Access list -kept by Cisco routers to control access to or from the router for a number of services (for example, to prevent packets with a certain IP address from leaving a particular interface on the router).
6. Access server Communications processor that connects asynchronous devices to a LAN or WAN through network and terminal emulation software. Performs both synchronous and asynchronous routing of supported protocols. Sometimes called a network access server.
7. ACK acknowledgment. Notification sent from one network device to another to acknowledge that some event (for example, receipt of a message) has occurred. Sometimes abbreviated ACK.
8. Active hub Multiported device that amplifies LAN transmission signals.
9. Active monitor Device responsible for managing a Token Ring. A network node is selected to be the active monitor if it has the highest MAC address on the ring. The active monitor is responsible for such management tasks as ensuring that tokens are not lost, or that frames do not circulate indefinitely.
10. Address Data structure or logical convention used to identify a unique entity, such as a particular process or network device.
11. Address mask Bit combination used to describe which portion of an address Refers to the network or subnet and which part refers to the host. Sometimes referred to simply as mask. See also subnet mask.
In Cisco routers, administrative distance is expressed as a numerical value between 0 and 255. The higher the value, the lower the trustworthiness rating.
12. Agent 1) Generally, software that processes queries and returns replies on behalf of an application. 2) In NMSs, process that resides in all managed devices and reports the values of specified variables to management stations.
3) In Cisco hardware architecture, an individual processor card that provides one or more media interfaces.
13. AGS+ Multiprotocol, high-end Cisco router optimized for large corporate Internet works. The AGS+ runs the Cisco IOS software and features a modular approach that provides for easy and efficient scalability.
14. Alarm Message notifying an operator or administrator of a network problem.
15. Algorithm Well-defined rule or process for arriving at a solution to a problem. In networking, algorithms are commonly used to determine the best route for traffic from a particular source to a particular destination.
16. Amplitude Maximum value of an analog or a digital waveform.
17. ANSI American National Standards Institute. Voluntary organization comprised of corporate, government, and other members that coordinates standards-related activities, approves U.S. national standards, and develops positions for the United States in international standards organizations. ANSI helps develop
International and U.S. standards relating to, among other things communications and networking. ANSI is a member of the IEC and the ISO.
18. AppleTalk Series of communications protocols designed by Apple
Computer. Two phases currently exist. Phase 1, the earlier version, supports a single physical network that can have only one network number and be in one zone. Phase 2, the more recent version, supports multiple logical networks on a single physical network and allows networks to be in more than one zone.
19. Application layer Layer 7 of the OSI reference model. This layer provides services to application processes (such as electronic mail, file transfer, and terminal emulat3. ion) that are outside of the OSI model. The application layer identifies and establishes the availability of intended communication partners (and the resources required to connect with them), synchronizes cooperating applications, and establishes agreement on procedures for error recovery and control of data integrity. Corresponds roughly with the transaction services layer in the SNA model.
20. ARA AppleTalk Remote Access. Protocol that provides Macintosh users direct access to information and resources at a remote AppleTalk site.
21. ARCnet Attached Resource Computer Network. A 2.5-Mbps token-bus LAN developed in the late 1970s and early 1980s by Data point Corporation.
22. ARP Address Resolution Protocol. Internet protocol used to map an IP address to a MAC address. Defined in RFC 826. Compare with RARP.
23. ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange. 8-bit code for character representation (7 bits plus parity).
24. Asynchronous transmission Term describing digital signals that are transmitted without precise clocking. Such signals generally have different frequencies and phase relationships. Asynchronous transmissions usually encapsulate individual characters in control bits (called start and stop bits) that designate the beginning and end of each character. Compare with isochronous transmission, plesiochronous transmission, and synchronous transmission.
25. ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode. International standard for cell relay in which multiple service types (such as voice, video, or data) are conveyed in fixed-length (53-byte) cells. Fixed-length cells allow cell processing to occur in hardware, thereby reducing transit delays. ATM is designed to take advantage of high-speed transmission media such as E3, SONET, and T3.
26. ATP AppleTalk Transaction Protocol. Transport-level protocol that allows reliable request-response exchanges between two socket clients.
27. AUI attachment unit interface. IEEE 802.3 interface between an MAU and a NIC (network interface card). The term AUI can also refer to the rear panel port to which an AUI cable might attach, such as those found on a Cisco Light Stream Ethernet access card. Also called transceiver cable.
28. Autonomous system Collection of networks under a common administration sharing a common routing strategy. Autonomous systems are subdivided by areas. An autonomous system must be assigned a unique 16-bit number by the IANA. Sometimes abbreviated AS.
29. Backbone The part of a network that acts as the primary path for traffic that is most often sourced from, and destined for, other networks.
30. Backbone cabling Cabling that provides interconnections between wiring closets, wiring closets and the POP, and between buildings that are part of the same LAN.
31. Bandwidth The difference between the highest and lowest frequencies available for network signals. The term is also used to describe the rated throughput capacity of a given network medium or protocol.
32. Best-effort delivery Describes a network system that does not use a sophisticated acknowledgment system to guarantee reliable delivery of information.
33. Binary A numbering system characterized by ones and zeros (1 = on, 0 = off).
34. Bit rate Speed at which bits are transmitted, usually expressed in bits per second (bps).
35. Border gateway Router that communicates with routers in other autonomous systems.
36. Bridge Device that connects and passes packets between two network segments that use the same communications protocol. Bridges operate at the data link layer (layer 2) of the OSI reference model. In general, a bridge will filter, forward, or flood an incoming frame based on the MAC address of that
frame.
37. Broadband Transmission system that multiplexes multiple independent signals onto one cable. In telecommunications terminology, any channel having a bandwidth greater than a voice-grade channel (4 kHz). In LAN terminology, a coaxial cable on which analog signaling is used. Also called wideband. Contrast with baseband.
38. Broadcast address Special address reserved for sending a message to all stations. Generally, a broadcast address is a MAC destination address of all ones. Compare with multicast address and unicast address.
39. BUS broadcast and unknown server. Multicast server used in ELANs that is used to flood traffic addressed to an unknown destination, and to forward multicast and broadcast traffic to the appropriate clients.
40. Byte Term used to refer to a series of consecutive binary digits that are operated upon as a unit (for example, an 8-bit byte).
41. Cable Transmission medium of copper wire or optical fiber wrapped in a protective cover.
42. Category 5 cabling One of five grades of UTP cabling described in the EIA/TIA-568B standard. Category 5 cabling is used for running CDDI and can transmit data at speeds up to 100 Mbps. Compare with Category 1 cabling, Category 2 cabling, Category 3 cabling, and Category 4 cabling.
43. CDP Cisco Discovery Protocol. Media- and protocol-independent device-discovery protocol that runs on all Cisco-manufactured equipment including routers, access servers, bridges, and switches. Using CDP, a device can advertise its existence to other devices and receive information about other devices on the same LAN or on the remote side of a WAN. Runs on all media that support SNAP, including LANs, Frame Relay, and ATM media.
44. CHAP Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol. Security feature supported on lines using PPP encapsulation that prevents unauthorized access. CHAP does not itself prevent unauthorized access; it merely identifies the remote end. The router or access server then determines whether that user is allowed access. Compare to PAP.
45. Circuit Communications path between two or more points.
46. Cisco 2500 Any of the Cisco 2500 series routers and access servers, including single LAN routers; mission-specific, low-end routers; router/hub combinations; access servers; and dual LAN routers. The Cisco 2500 is designed for small offices and other remote sites and runs the Cisco IOS software. Sometimes called the Cisco Access Server 2500 series.
47. Client Node or software program (front-end device) that requests services from a server. See also back end, front end, and server.
48. CO central office. Local telephone company office to which all local loops in a given area connect and in which circuit switching of subscriber lines occurs.
49. Coaxial cable Cable consisting of a hollow outer cylindrical conductor that surrounds a single inner wire conductor. Two types of coaxial cable are currently used in LANs: 50-ohm cable, which is used for digital signaling, and 75-ohm cable, which is used for analog signal and high-speed digital signaling.
50. Congestion Traffic in excess of network capacity.
51. Convergence The speed and ability of a group of internetworking devices running a specific routing protocol to agree on the topology of an internetwork after a change in that topology.
52. Copy running-config startup-config Command used to store the current configuration in RAM into NVRAM.
53. CPU central processing unit. The part of a computer that controls all the other parts. It fetches instructions from memory and decodes them. This may cause it to transfer data to or from memory or to activate peripherals to perform input or output.
54. CSMA/CD carrier sense multiple access collision detect. Media-access mechanisms wherein devices ready to transmit data first check the channel for a carrier. If no carrier is sensed for a specific period of time, a device can transmit. If two devices transmit at once, a collision occurs and is detected by all colliding devices. This collision subsequently delays retransmissions from those devices for some random length of time. CSMA/CD access is used by Ethernet and IEEE 802.3.
55. Data Upper-layer protocol data.
56. DC direct current. Electrical current that travels in only one direction. Direct current is generally used in electronic circuits.
57. DCE data communications equipment. Data communications equipment (EIA expansion) or data circuit-terminating equipment (ITU-T expansion). The devices and connections of a communications network that comprise the network end of the user-to-network interface. The DCE provides a physical Connection to the network, forwards traffic, and provides a clocking signal used to synchronize data transmission between DCE and DTE devices. Modems and interface cards are examples of DCE. Compare with DTE.
58. Debug ip rip Command that displays RIP routing updates as they are sent and received.
59. Delay The time between the initiation of a transaction by a sender and the first response received by the sender. Also, the time required moving a packet from source to destination over a given path.
60. Demarc Demarcation point between carrier equipment and CPE.
61. Destination address Address of a network device that is receiving data. See also source address.
62. Destination port Number of the called port.
63. DMAC Destination MAC. The MAC address specified in the Destination Address field of a packet. Compare with SMAC.
64. DRAM dynamic random-access memory. RAM that stores information in capacitors that must be periodically refreshed. Delays can occur because DRAMs are inaccessible to the processor when refreshing their contents. However, DRAMs are less complex and have greater capacity than SRAMs
65. Drop Point on a multipoint channel where a connection to a networked device is made.
66. EMI electromagnetic interference. Interference by electromagnetic signals that can cause reduced data integrity and increased error rates on transmission channels.
67. Emulation mode Function of an NCP that enables it to perform activities equivalent to those performed by a transmission control unit. For example, with CiscoWorks, the NetView PU 2 emulates the IBM 3274.
68. Enable-password Command used to restrict access to the privileged EXEC mode.
69. Enable-secret Password from the System Configuration Dialog to setup global parameters uses a Cisco-proprietary encryption process to alter the password character string.
70. Encapsulation The wrapping of data in a particular protocol header. For example, Ethernet data is wrapped in a specific Ethernet header before network transit. Also, when bridging dissimilar networks, the entire frame from one network is simply placed in the header used by the data link layer protocol of the other network.
71. Encoding Process by which bits are represented by voltages.
72. Encryption The application of a specific algorithm to data so as to alter the appearance of the data making it incomprehensible to those who are not authorized to see the information. See also decryption.
73. Ethernet Baseband LAN specification invented by Xerox Corporation and developed jointly by Xerox, Intel, and Digital Equipment Corporation. Ethernet networks use CSMA/CD and run over a variety of cable types at 10 Mbps. Ethernet is similar to the IEEE 802.3 series of standards. See also 10BASE2, 10BASE5, 10BASE-F, 10BASE-T, 10Broad36, and IEEE 802.3.
74. EXEC The interactive command processor of the Cisco IOS software.
75. Fast Ethernet Any of a number of 100-Mbps Ethernet specifications. Fast Ethernet offers a speed increase ten times that of the 10BASET Ethernet specification, while preserving such qualities as frame format, MAC mechanisms, and MTU. Such similarities allow the use of existing 10BASE-T applications and network management tools on Fast Ethernet networks. Based on an extension to the IEEE 802.3 specification. Compare with Ethernet. See also 100BASE-FX, 100BASE-T, 100BASE-T4, 100BASE-TX, 100BASE-X, and IEEE 802.3.
76. FCS frame check sequence. Refers to the extra characters added to a frame for error control purposes. Used in HDLC, Frame Relay, and other data link layer protocols.
77. FDDI Fiber Distributed Data Interface. LAN standard, defined by ANSI X3T9.5, specifying a 100-Mbps token-passing network using fiber-optic cable, with transmission distances of up to 2 km. FDDI uses a dual-ring architecture to provide redundancy. Compare with CDDI and FDDI II.
78. Fiber-optic cable Physical medium capable of conducting modulated light transmission. Compared with other transmission media, fiberoptic cable is more expensive, but is not susceptible to electromagnetic interference, and is capable of higher data rates. Sometimes called optical fiber.
79. Firewall Router or access server, or several routers or access servers, designated as a buffer between any connected public networks and a private network. A firewall router uses access lists and other methods to ensure the security of the private network.
80. Flash memory Technology developed by Intel and licensed to other semiconductor companies. Flash memory is nonvolatile storage that can be electrically erased and reprogrammed. Allows software images to be stored, booted, and rewritten as necessary.
81. FM frequency modulation. Modulation technique in which signals of different frequencies represent different data values. Compare with AM and PAM. See also modulation.
82. Fragmentation Process of breaking a packet into smaller units when transmitting over a network medium that cannot support the original size of the packet.
83. Frame Logical grouping of information sent as a data link layer unit over a transmission medium. Often refers to the header and trailer, used for synchronization and error control, that surround the user data contained in the unit. The terms datagram, message, packet, and segment are also used to describe logical information groupings at various layers of the OSI reference model and in various technology circles.
84. Frame Relay Industry-standard, switched data link layer protocol that handles multiple virtual circuits using HDLC encapsulation between connected devices. Frame Relay is more efficient than X.25, the protocol for which it is generally considered a replacement.
85. Frequency Number of cycles, measured in hertz, of an alternating current signal per unit time.
86. FTAM File Transfer, Access, and Management. In OSI, an application layer protocol developed for network file exchange and management between diverse types of computers.
87. FTP File Transfer Protocol. Application protocol, part of the TCP/IP protocol stack, used for transferring files between network nodes. FTP is defined in RFC 959.
88. Full duplex Capability for simultaneous data transmission between a sending station and a receiving station. Compare with half duplex and simplex.
89. GB gigabyte.
90. GUI graphical user interface User environment that uses pictorial as well as textual representations of the input and output of applications and the hierarchical or other data structure in which information is stored. Conventions such as buttons, icons, and windows are typical, and many actions are performed using a pointing device (such as a mouse). Microsoft Windows and the Apple Macintosh are prominent examples of platforms utilizing a GUI.
91. Half duplex Capability for data transmission in only one direction at a time between a sending station and a receiving station. Compare with full duplex and simplex.
92. Handshake Sequence of messages exchanged between two or more network devices to ensure transmission synchronizatites the integrity check on the header.
93. HDLC High-Level Data Link Control. Bit-oriented synchronous data link layer protocol developed by ISO. Derived from SDLC, HDLC specifies a data encapsulation method on synchronous serial links using frame characters and checksums.
94. Header Control information placed before data when encapsulating that data for network transmission. Compare with trailer.
95. Header checksum Field within an IP datagram that indicates the integrity check on the header.
Cisco 1
Semesters 1&2
Course Syllabus
Fall Semester 2005
Instructor: Barry Sullivan Office Hours: MTWTHF 8:00 - 3:45
Phone: 324-4691 E-mail: bsulliva@esu10.org
Class Web page:
www.quia.com/pages/ciscoone.html
TEXT:
On line text
DESCRIPTION: Prerequisite: Computer Applications, Computer Repair
Cisco Academy Networking l
2 Semesters
An introduction to th design, installation , and maintenance of computer networks.
REQUIREMENTS:
Each student will work with both online education materials and hands on lab activities. The student must pass the lab final and on line written final to pass the class. Each student will be expected to maintain a journal of activities done on class.
Goals:
Basic understanding of networking.
Basic computer knowledge
Problem solving both individual and in groups
Set up a small network
Under stand the difference between LANs WANs & MANs
Class Participation:
Class participation is based upon the expectations listed above. Students receive 100 points each quarter for meeting the expectations of the course. If students do not meet the expectations of the class they can lose points (up to 6 points per day) behavior points will not be reinstated. If students are absent they lose all points for that day until the student has made up all work missed. Double check rules for making up missed class time under if you are absent.
Cheating and/or Plagiarizing:
Any student caught cheating or plagiarizing on tests or papers handed in will receive 0’s for that paper. No “redo’s” will be considered. Further more any disciplinary action by the school will also be added to the student by school officials.
Expectations:
What you need to do for each class
1. Come to class ready to do something constructive.
2. Sit in your assigned seat. ( be in that seat when bell rings if not you are tardy)
3. Raise your hand to talk or to answer a question.
4. Show your work.
5. Stay in your seat until dismissed.
6. Show respect for yourself and others.
7. Do not use or play with equipment and computers they are for work and assignments.
8. Papers more than one day late only receive 50% after that day it will not be accepted 0%
9. Make good use of study time ....don’t put it off until tomorrow.
10. Be able to ask the right kind of questions.
11. You are responsible for any work missed.(Two day rule 2 days for each day missed) Each student will find time to meet with the Mr. Sullivan before or after school.
12. Don’t have food drinks or candy in class.
13. If you are found on a web site that is questionable you will be banned from the computers for the rest of the semester and will most likely receive a failing grade.
14. All labs will have a written copy of procedures done.
IF YOU ARE ABSENT:
1. Get an Absent Make Up Sheet and follow the directions:
*Attach all make up work missed.
*All labs must be made up before or after school. ( No exceptions)
*Attach an outline of materials discussed in class and a copy of notes taken in
class while you were absent. You will have to ask another student for their notes so
you can copy. (Be sure to ask someone who takes good notes)
2. Ask about any daily assignments from a classmate, and come in before or after school to ask the teacher what you need to make up and for copies of handouts.
3. If you miss a TEST, it is the STUDENT’S responsibility to arrange to make-up the test. TEST must be made up in 2 days.
4. It is the students responsibility to turn in all make-up work as soon as possible. (follow the 2 days rule, 2 days to make up work, for each day of absence.)
5. If the student has a pre excused absence,they need to ask for the assignments in advance and hand assignments in before leaving.
6. Check the Quia web page (www.quia.com/pages/ciscoone.html)for daily work done in class, or the powerschool web page.
Papers handed in .
Mr. Sullivan will not grade papers that do not have
A. name B. date C. class
1. no rough edges on paper
2. With tests blank answers will be counted double. all tests are due at the
end of each period.
3. Answer your questions in complete sentences. (on all work handed in )
4. Do your own work . Even in groups each person should hand in their own paper.
EVALUATION:
Grades will be based on 25% participation 85% daily work, tests, and labs.
GRADES:
A+ 99-100 4.33
A 95-98 4.0
A- 93-94 3.66
B+ 91-92 3.33
B 87-90 3.0
B- 85-86 2.66
C+ 83-84 2.33
C 79-82 2.0
C- 77-78 1.66
D+ 75-76 1.33
D 72-74 1.0
D- 70-71 .66
F Below 70 0
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