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#5: Genetic Continuity 3 weeks
Heredity, genes, genetic code, genetic engineering
Genetics Part I
Want to be an expert? This is what you should know. Most, but not all will be discussed in class.
1. recognize that Mendel developed his laws of heredity without any prior knowledge concerning genes or chromosomes.
2. list at least five reasons for Mendel's success working with pea plants.
3. recognize that every organism has coded instructions for specifying its traits and that DNA provides a reliable way for transferring hereditary information from one generation to the next.
4. recognize that each gene carries a separate piece of information.
5. recognize that the inherited trait of an individual can be determined by one or by many genes, and that one gene can influence more than one cell.
6. recognize that each human cell contains thousands of genes.
7. correctly define the following terms; gene, allele, chromosome, locus, and homologous chromosomes.
8. recognize that alleles are located on the same position on homologous chromosomes.
9. recognize that in asexually reproducing organisms, all the genes come from a single parent and are identical to those of the parent.
10. recognize that sexually reproducing organisms receive half their genetic information from their Mother's egg and half from their Father's sperm.
11. recognize that sexually reproduced offspring usually resemble, but are not identical to their parents.
12. define the following terms and correctly use them in reference to genetic crosses; homozygous, heterozygous (hybrid), parental generation, first filial generation, and second filial generation.
13. define the terms progeny and sibling.
14. define the following terms and correctly use them in reference to genetic crosses; phenotype and genotype.
15. state Mendel's three Laws of Heredity and correctly explain each.
16. list two examples of intermediate inheritance.
17. list two examples of codominance.
18. correctly complete genetic crosses/Punnett squares involving the Law of Dominance, incomplete dominance, or codominance.
19. define the term gene linkage and list an example of this in humans.
20. define the term crossing over and explain how it leads to genetic variability in sexually produced offspring.
21. explain what is meant by a karyotype and list some examples of its usefulness.
22. explain how sex is determined in the genetic makeup of humans.
23. explain why the male determines the sex of a human baby.
24. define the term mutation.
25. explain why only mutations in gametes may be passed on to the offspring.
26. explain the difference between a chromosomal alteration and a gene mutation.
27. define the following terms correctly; disjunction, nondisjunction, polyploidy, and mutagenic agent.
28. list some examples of mutagenic agents
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29. recognize that the adaptive value of a gene mutation is dependent upon the nature of the mutation and the type of environment in which the organism interacts.
30. list three examples of the interaction of the environment with genes in the expression of inherited traits.
31. explain the difference between the following types of selective breeding; artificial selection, inbreeding, hybridization, vegetative propagation, and recombinant DNA technology.
32. explain the difference between the following changes in chromosome structure; translocation, addition, deletion, and inversion.
33. recognize that the mapping of the genetic instructions in cells makes it possible to detect, and perhaps correct, defective genes that lead to poor health.
34. recognize that substances from genetically engineered organisms may reduce the costs and side effects of replacing costly body chemicals.
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