Kindgom Protista
Chapter 9 Vocabulary
protist sporangia
algae ascus
protozoa budding
pseudopod basidium
cilia lichen
hyphae red tide
spore
definitions
protist - eukaryotic organism that is animal-like, plantlike, or funguslike
algae - plantlike protist
protozoa -animal-like protist
pseudopod - footlike cytoplasmic extension
cilia -threadlike structures used for movement
hyphae - threadlike string of a fungus
spore -reproductive cell of a fungus
sporangia -contains spores in zygote fungi
ascus - the small, saclike structure in which sac fungi produces spores
budding - a type of asexual reproduction in which a new organism grows off the side of its parents.
basidium - the club-shaped, spore-producing structure of club fungi
lichen - organism made up of a fungus and an alga or a cyanobacterium
red tide - population explosion of dinoflagellates
Investigate the following website to complete the worksheet
http://www.jracademy.com/~mlechner/archive1999/euglena.html
http://www.indiana.edu/~diatom/diatom.html
Identify the characteristics shared by all protists
What is a protist?
- a single or many-celled organism that lives in moist or wet surroundings (all have nucleus and are therefore eukaryotic)
Plantlike Protists
- Plantlike protists are called algae (some are one-celled and some are many celled)
-- all algae contain chlorophyll and can make their own
food
Euglenas (Phylum - Euglenophyta)
- have characteristics of both plants and animals
- one-celled algae that have chloroplasts and produce
carbohydrate as food
- many move by using the flagellum
- eyespot(animal-like characteristic) that responds to
light
- commonly found in freshwater streams & ponds
Diatoms (Phylum - Chrysophta)
- photosynthetic, one-celled algae that store food in the
form of oil
- golden brown pigment
- reproduce in extremely large numbers
- deposits are mined and used in insulation, filters and
road paint
-- diatom shells produce the sparkle that makes some
road lines visible at night and the crunch you feel
when you use toothpaste to brush your teeth
(diatom shells contain silica, the main element in
glass)
Identify the characteristics shared by all protists
Dinoflagellates (Phylum - Pyrrophyta)
- "fire" algae contains species of one-celled algae
- the name dinoflagellate means "spinning flagellates"
-- one of the flagella moves the cell, and the other
circles the cell, causing it to spin with a motion
similar to a top
- store food in the form of starch & oils
- almost all live in salt water (they are an important
food source for many saltwater organisms)
Green Algae (Phylum - Chlorophyta)
- one-celled or many celled
- 7000 species of green algae
- undergo photosynthesis & produce food in the form of
starch.
- most live in water, others can live in places like
trunks of trees and even on other organisms
Red Algae (Phylum - Rhodophyta)
- pudding & toothpaste are made from red algae (a
carbohydrate called carrageenan is used to give
toothpaste and pudding their smooth, creamy textures)
- most are many-celled
-sometimes called seaweed
Brown Algae (Phylum - Phaeophyta)
- many-celled & vary in size
- Kelp is an important food source for many fish and
invertebrates
- people in many parts of the world eat brown algae (the
thick texture of foods such as ice cream and
marshmallows is produced by a carbohydrate called algin
found in these algae)
- also used to make fertilizer
Importance of Algae
Most animals that live in the oceans eat either algae for food or other animals that eat algae. Algae, such as Euglena, also are an important source of food for organisms that live in freshwater.
Algae and the environment
Algae are important in the environment because they produce oxygen as a result of photosynthesis. The oxygen produced by green algae is important for most organisms on Earth, including you.
Algae & you
People in many parts of the world eat some species of red and brown algae. You probably have eaten foods or used products made with algae. Carrageenan , a substance found in the cell walls of red algae, has gelatinlike properties that make it useful to the cosmetic and food industries. Carrageenan gives toothpastes, puddings, and salad dressings their smooth, creamy textures. Another substance, algin , found in the cell walls of brown algae, also has gelatinlike properties. It is used to thicken foods such as ice cream and marshmallows. Algin also is used in making rubber tires and hand lotion
Animal-Like Protists
-- Protozoa - one-celled, animal-like protists
-- live in water, soil and both living and dead organisms
-- many are parasites (an organism that lives on another
organism)
-- there are 4 kinds of protozoan
- sarcodines
- flagellates
- ciliates
- sporozoans
Sarcodines (Phylum Sarcodina)
- move about and feed using temporaty extensions of their
cytoplasm called pseudopods
-- an ameoba extends the cytoplasm of a pseudopod on
either side of a food particle. Then, the pseudopod
closes and the particular particle is trapped.
Flagellates (Phylum Mastigophora)
- protozoans that move using a flagella are called
flagellates
- many live in fresh water, but some are parasites
Ciliates (Phylum Ciliophora)
- most complex protozoans
- move by use of a cilia (Cilia are short, threadlike
structures that extend from the cell membrane)
- each has 2 nuclei: macronucleus & micronucleus
-- macronucleus controls the everyday functions of the
cell
-- micronucleus functions in reproduction
Sporozoans (Phylum Sporozoa)
- parasites (live and feed on the blood of humans and
other animals)
- have no way of moving on their own
Importance of Protozoans
some protozoans are an important source of food for larger organisms
Disease in Humans?
Protozoans that are most important to you are the ones that cause diseases in humans. In tropical areas, flies or other biting insects transmit many of the parasitic flagellates to humans. A flagellated parasite called Giardia can be found in water that is contaminated with wastes from wild or domesticated animals, or humans. If you drink water directly from a stream, you could get this diarrhea-causing parasite. Some amoebas also are parasites that cause disease. One parasitic amoeba, found in ponds and streams, can lead to a brain infection and death.
Obj. Describe Funguslike Protists
Funguslike protists have characteristics of both protists & fungi (they obtain energy by decomposing organic materials)
Types - Slime Molds, Water Molds & Downy Mildew
Kingdom Fungi
Identify the characteristics of Fungi
Yeast are a type of fungi used to make bread and cheese
You may also find mold (a type of fungus), growing on an old loaf of bread, or mildew (another fungus), growing on your shower curtain.
Characteristics of Fungi
- don't make their own food (don't contain chlorophyll)
-- most feed on dead or decaying tissues. Organisms
that obtain food in this way are called saprophytes.
most are many-celled
Fungi that cause athlete's foot and ringworm are parasites (parasites are organisms that live on another organism)
Fungi grow best in warm places (like between your toes or in tropical forests)
Fungi Types
Zygote Fungi
The fuzzy black mold that you sometimes find growing on an old loaf of bread or perhaps a piece of fruit is an example of a zygote fungus.
Sac Fungi
Yeast & mold are examples of fungi.
Well known by farmers because they destroy plant crops.
As yeast (used in the baking industry) grow, they use sugar for energy and produce alcohol and carbon dioxide as waste products. The carbon dioxide causes the bread to rise.
2-Person Team Project (Due - Friday March 07, 2003)
MS PowerPoint
Pick a category of Protista
Animal-Like
Plant-Like
Fungus-Like
Pick a category of Fungi
as a minimum:
include characteristics
usefulness to other organisms
explain reproduction
explain how it obtains its food (producer? or consumer? If consumer, what is its diet. If producer, how does it produce its food.)
explain how it moves
taxonomy
give examples (pictures)
Pigments
Any other characteristics (especially if you pick a Kingdom Fungi as they are classified in groups based on their methods of reproduction; also, if you select Kingdom Fungi, describe the difference between imperfect fungi and all other fungi.)
- Presentation will be presented to the class and will be graded by classroom students.
Graded elements:
Content
Graphic Display (animations, consistency of background templates, etc.)
Delivery
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