Sentieri 5B.2 - Strutture - Gli avverbi in italiano
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Italian Adverbs - Avverbi Italian Adverbs
An adverb (avverbio) is a word that modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. In English, adverbs are often formed by adding the suffix -ly to adjectives: slowly, softly, surely. Adverbs often answer the question come? (how?), quando? (when?), or dove? (where?):

Alessio corre lentamente. (Alessio runs slowly.)
Mirco arriva tardi. (Mirco arrives late.)
Usciamo adesso. (We're leaving now.)
Ci andiamo a giugno. (We are going there in June.)

In Italian, many adverbs are formed by adding the ending -mente to the singular feminine form of the adjective.

FORMING ADVERBS IN ITALIAN
ADJECTIVE (GENERAL OR MASCULINE)ADJECTIVE (FEMININE SINGULAR)ADVERB
felicefelicefelicemente (happily)
lentolentalentamente (slowly)
stancostancastancamente (tiredly)

If an adjective ends in -ale, -ile, or -are, the adverb is formed with the root of the adjective plus the ending -mente.

FORMING ADVERBS FROM ADJECTIVES THAT END IN -ALE, -ILE, OR -ARE
ADJECTIVE (GENERAL OR MASCULINE)ADJECTIVAL ROOTADVERB
esemplareesemplari-esemplarmente
gentilegentil-gentilmente
specialespecial-specialmente

ADVERBS THAT DON'T DERIVE FROM ADJECTIVES
ancorastill
attornoaround, about
benewell
controagainst
dentroin, inside
dietrobehind, at the back of
dopothen, afterwards
fuorioutside
giàalready
inoltremoreover
insiemetogether
malebadly
(non)...mainever
(non)...piùno longer, not anymore
oltrebeyond
prestosoon, before long
semprealways
sopraabove, on top
sottounderneath, below
vicinonearby, close by

Adverbs always precede the adjective or adverb that they modify, and they generally follow a simple verb form. For example: Beve sempre la limonata. (He always drinks lemondade.) In sentences with compound tenses, most adverbs are placed after the past participle. For example: Sono arrivato tardi al museo. (I arrived late at the museum.) However, certain common adverbs such as già, ancora, sempre, (non)...mai, and (non)...più are inserted between the auxiliary verb and the past participle of the compound form:

Non ci sei più andata. (You don't go there anymore.)
Enzo è sempre venuto in orario. (Enzo always came on time.)
Non ho ancora finito i miei compiti. (I still hadn't finished my homework.)

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Last updated  2015/10/23 10:09:06 CDTHits  912