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AP EUROPEAN ASSIGNMENTS
Paris 1919 Author: Margaret MacMillian
Publisher: Random House, New York, 2001
*Answer the following questions
1. In 1919, Europe had just been through a devastating war, which left political, social, and economic turmoil in its wake. The war also had a considerable impact on the Middle East and parts of Asia and Africa. What were the main issues and concerns facing the peacemakers in 1919?
2. Some historians–Arno Mayer, for example–have argued that the peacemakers of 1919 were determined to prevent the spread of revolution westward from Russia. To what extent did fear of Bolshevism shape the decisions made in Paris?
3. It has often been said that there was a gulf between Woodrow Wilson and his new diplomacy, on one side, and the Europeans and their old diplomacy on the other. Discuss what is meant by the new and the old diplomacy. Was there in fact such a gulf?
4. What did Woodrow Wilson mean by “national self-determination”? Why did some of his colleagues, such as Robert Lansing, worry about it? What impact did the notion of self-determination have? Was it easy to put into effect?
5. Each country in Paris had its own concerns and aims. Evaluate the main interests that each of the major powers–France, Great, Britain, Italy, Japan, and the United States–brought to the table.
6. The peace settlements, in particular the resolution with Germany, have often been blamed for the outbreak of World War II. Was the Treaty of Versailles as punitive, unfair, and vindictive as has often been said?
7. Discuss the ways in which decisions made in Paris affected China and Japan. Did the relationship between the two countries grow better or worse as a result?
8. The Paris Peace Conference was the first major international peace conference where the press was present in force. In addition, the leaders of the powers had to pay attention to the views and wishes of their electorates. How important was public opinion in the making of the peace settlements after World War I?
9. A number of countries had designs on the territory of the Ottoman empire after World War I, and the Ottoman empire itself was in no position to fight back. Nevertheless, why did the Treaty of Sèvres remain a dead letter? In what ways was the later Treaty of Lausanne different?
10. During the war, the Allies–the British and the French in particular–made a number of agreements and promises about the Arab parts of the Ottoman Empire. To what extent have those agreements and the decisions made by the peacemakers about the Middle East had an impact on developments there since?
11. Although Woodrow Wilson is often seen as the person responsible for the League of Nations, many people, both in Europe and North America, shared his goals. What was the League supposed to accomplish? Why is it often described as a great experiment?
12. Why is President Wilson described as "very American"? How does the description of Wilson compare to European perceptions of the U.S. today?
13. What were some of the immediate conditions facing Europe post war? Who was Herbert Hoover and how did he help? How does this compare to 1945? Why was there no Marshall Plan in 1919?
14. Why did Russia pose such a delicate problem? What was the idea of a "New World Order?" What are the lessons for today?
15. How does the form of the League of Nations compare to the form of the United Nations?
16. Explain how the Serbians wanted to treat the new state of Yugoslavia as increased Serbian territory. Site specific examples. What repercussions did this have in the 1990's?
17. 1) what "mistake" did the allies make on page 158? Why was it a mistake? 2) Explain the rationale behind "Punishment, Payment, Prevention" being placed on Germany
18. Describe John Maynard Keynes' plan for reviving war torn Europe. How were his warnings prophetic?
19. What was the Balfour Declaration and how had the British created a problem for themselves? What was the resolution?
20. Why (specifically) did the treaty of Versailles Fail?
2. rEAD cHAPTER 10..ANSWER CHAPTER REVIEW QUESTIONS
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WORLD HISTORY
Final Review
FRENCH REVOLUTION
Adam Smith=Laissez Faire economics
The Bastille
National Assembly= Constitutonal Monarchy
Robespierre started the reign of Terror
Third estate=tax burden in France
Louis XVI
Estates General called to solve tax crisis
NAPOLEON
Age of Napoleon 1800 to 1815
Continental System hurt British trade
Code Napoleon equality before the law
Liberalism / Nationalism major movement
CONGRESS OF VIENNA
Age of Metterncih 1815 to 1848
Congress goal was to Restore the Old regime
European Revolutions influenced by Nap.and Fr.Rev
Revolutions 1820-1848
Influence of French Rev. and Napoleon
Homogeneous nation = Britain and France
Liberalism caused Revolutions
Latin American Rev spread Democracy
Industrial Rev
Ricardo=Laissez Faire
Marx= Communism
Proletariat=working class
Bourgeouisie=middle class
Laissez faire=free economy
Labor Unions=better working conditions
Unifiaction of Italy and Germany
Prussia=state that unfied germany
Bismarck=Chancellor who unified germany
Blood and Iron=policy for unifying Germany
Realpolitik=power/practical politics
Bismarck was anti- catholics and socialist
Bismarckian Sytem
Zollverien=econmically unified Germany
Cavour=Leader od Italian Unification
Risirgiomento
Imperialsim
New Imperialism= changing culture
Old Imperialsim strictly economics
Sepoy Mutiny= India
Boxer rebellion =drive foreigners out of China
Open Door Policy = free trade in China
Scramble for Africa in 1880s
WWI
Militarism
Morrocan Crisis example of imperialism
Schlieffen Plan
Archduke assassinated
Sarajevo
Black hand
Balkan Powder Keg= Balkans a problem
Wilsons 14th point= league of nations
Impact of Versailles
French goals at Versailles=destroy germany
Versailles
Brest-Litovsk ends russia in war
Lusitania
Zimmerman telegramwar vs US and Mexico
Armenian Genocide
Years Between The Wars
Appeasement
Chamberlain
Mussolini first fascist dictator
Hitler
Munich Agreement sudentland to Germany
Sudentland=Czechoslovakia
Totalitarian Sate
Lebensraum
Compare Japan and Great Britain need resources
Nuremburg Laws strip Jew of citizenship
Dachau = concentration camp
WWII
D-Day
Non Agression Pact
Lend lease US aids Briatin
Yalta=divide Germany
Potsdam=ends war in Europe
Final Solution=exterminate the Jews
Auschwitz
Decolonization
Gandhi=leader of Indias independence
Vietnam
Creation of Israel in1948
OPEC
Ho Chi Minh=N.Vietnam
Mao Tse Tung= Chinas cultural revolution
Cold War
Iron Curtain=Churchill
Gearge Kennan=father of containment
Containment=US foreign Policy after WWII
Long telegram by Kennan
Marshall Plan=aid to Europe
Trumen Doctrine=Greece and Turkey
Berlin Crisis=1st crisis of Cold War
Korean War=First armed conflict of Cold war
Ho Chi Minh=Communist Vietnam
Mao Tse Tung+Communist China
Stalin
Khruschev=replaced Stalin
Brezhnev=replaced Khruschev
Cuban Missile Crisis= Most dangerous crisis
Sputnik-Soviet sattelite
Marshall Tito=Yugoslavia
Kosovo=crisis today with Serbia
Gorbachev=last leader of Soviet Union
Afghan Invasion by Soviet Union
Perestroika=economic policy
Glasnost=Openess of Society
OPEN RESPONSE
1. Explain how militarism,nationalism, imperialism
and the alliance system caused WWI
2. Provide 5 examples of The Containment policy
from 1945 to 1975
3. HONORS ONLY Lesson from history applied during the
Cuban Missile Crisis
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