United States History until 1781
Colonial America
DATES
4/16 Colonies Test
4/16 History Packet due
Reasons for Colonization
Economic: to make money
1. Roanoke (Lost Colony)
2. Jamestown
3. Georgia: a fresh start for debtors
Religious: to believe without the criticism and persecution they faced in England
1. Plymouth: founded by separatists who wanted to separate from the Church of England
2. Massachusetts Bay: founded by Puritans who wanted to purify the Church of England
3. Pennsylvania: founded by Quakers who believed in nonviolence and religious freedom
New England Colonies (New Hampshire, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts)
1. Geography-Appalachian Mountains, Boston Harbor, hilly terrain, rocky soil, jagged coastline
2. Climate-moderate summers, cold winters
3. Economy
a. Fishing, shipbuilding industry and naval supplies
b. Trade and port cities
c. Skilled craftsmen, shopkeepers
4. Social Life
a. Village and church at the center of life
b. Religious reformers and separatists
5. Political and Civic Life-town meetings
6. Founders of the New England Colonies
a. New Hampshire: John Wheelwright
b. Massachusetts: William Bradford/John Winthrop
c. Rhode Island: Roger Williams
d. Connecticut: Thomas Hooker
Middle Colonies (New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware)
1. Geography-Appalachian Mountains, coastal lowlands, harbors and bays, wide and deep rivers, rich farmlands
2. Climate-moderate climate
3. Economy
a. Livestock and grain-Known as the “Breadbasket Colonies,” because they milled flour and shipped it to other colonies.
b. Trading
c. Unskilled and skilled workers
d. Fishermen
4. Social Life
a. Villages and cities
b. Varied and diverse lifestyles
c. Diverse religions
5. Political and civic life-market towns
6. Founders of the Middle Colonies:
a. Pennsylvania: William Penn
b. Delaware: William Penn
c. New York: Duke of York
d. New Jersey: George Carteret and John Berkeley
Southern Colonies (Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia)
1. Geography-Appalachian Mountains, Piedmont, Atlantic Coastal Plain, good harbors, rivers
2. Climate-humid, warm
3. Economy
a. Plantations/Large farms, wood products, small farms
b. Cash crops-rice, tobacco, and indigo
c. Slavery
d. Longest growing season of all colonial regions
4. Social Life
a. Plantations (slavery), mansions, indentured servants
b. Few cities
c. Few schools
d. Church of England
5. Political and Civic Life-counties
6. Founders of the Southern Colonies
a. Maryland: Lord Baltimore
b. Virginia: Virginia Company of London
c. North Carolina: William Berkeley
d. South Carolina: Anthony Ashley-Cooper
e. Georgia: James Oglethorpe
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