Cells

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____	1.	Which of these are multicellular?
a.	dust mites and humans	c.	prokaryotes and eukaryotes	
b.	amoebas and protists	d.	protozoans and elephants	

____	2.	What is true of most organisms?
a.	They are complex and composed of many cells.	
b.	They are multicellular.	
c.	They are composed of more than 100 cells.	
d.	They are single-celled.	

____	3.	What is a cell?
a.	a small unit that carries oxygen to the blood	
b.	the smallest unit that contains a nucleus	
c.	the smallest unit that can do all of the processes of life	
d.	a small unit that contains living molecules and atoms	

____	4.	Which of the following is a eukaryote?
a.	red blood cell	c.	DNA	
b.	bacterium	d.	protist	

____	5.	What is a prokaryote?
a.	an organism made of a single cell with DNA but no nucleus	
b.	an organism made of many cells with DNA but no nucleus	
c.	an organism made of a single cell with DNA and a nucleus	
d.	an organism made of many cells with a nucleus but no DNA	

____	6.	What do plant cells have that animal cells do not have?
a.	nucleus and cell wall	c.	cell wall and a large central vacuole	
b.	mitochondria and cell membranes	d.	ribosomes and chloroplasts	

____	7.	How does an organism get the energy it needs?
a.	It digests organelles in the nucleus of cells.	
b.	The nucleus uses DNA to get energy.	
c.	Mitochondria in its cells make ATP.	
d.	It comes into contact with other cells.	

____	8.	Where are the instructions for all of the life processes of an organism?
a.	stored in the cell walls	
b.	stored in the DNA in cells	
c.	stored in the ATP in cells	
d.	stored in the endoplasmic reticulum in cells	

____	9.	What are the levels of organization in multicellular organisms?
a.	organelles, organs, organ systems, organisms	
b.	reproductive, skeletal, cardiovascular, nervous	
c.	atoms, molecules, cells, organelles	
d.	cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems	

____	10.	What is tissue?
a.	a group of different cells that have a similar function	
b.	a group of organelles that make up cells	
c.	a group of similar cells that have a similar functions	
d.	a group of organs that make up an organ system	

____	11.	Which of the following is an example of an organ?
a.	red blood cells	c.	muscle tissue	
b.	shark’s gill	d.	chloroplasts	

____	12.	What controls development of the cells and the whole organism?
a.	ATP	c.	organ systems	
b.	mitochondria	d.	DNA	

____	13.	What are the levels of structural organization in multicellular organisms?
a.	cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems	
b.	phylum, family, genus, and species	
c.	cell wall, cell membrane, nucleus wall, and nucleus	
d.	organelles, organs, organ systems, and organisms	

____	14.	Which of the following is a part of both plant cells and animal cells?
a.	large central vacuole	c.	mitochondrion	
b.	cell wall	d.	chloroplast	

____	15.	What is true of most organisms, such as amoebas?
a.	They are single-celled.	
b.	They can be either single-celled or multicellular.	
c.	They are multicellular organisms.	
d.	They are composed of millions of cells.	

____	16.	What is the smallest unit that can perform all the activities necessary for life?
a.	mitochondrion	c.	molecule	
b.	cell	d.	chloroplast	

____	17.	Some organisms, such as humans, are
a.	protists.	c.	prokaryotic.	
b.	multicellular.	d.	single-celled.	

____	18.	Cells that have a similar function and similar structure can be organized into
a.	organs.	c.	organisms.	
b.	systems.	d.	tissue.	

____	19.	What is an organism made of a single cell that does not have a nucleus?
a.	prokaryote	c.	vacuole	
b.	mitochondrion	d.	eukaryote	

____	20.	What is an organ?
a.	organ systems that work together	c.	tissues that work together	
b.	organisms that work together	d.	cells that work together	

____	21.	What is one of the advantages of being multicellular?
a.	Multicellular organisms generally live longer.	
b.	Multicellular organisms can be smaller.	
c.	All cells can perform all life functions in multicellular organisms.	
d.	Getting nutrition is easier for multicellular organisms.	

____	22.	Which of these is an example of specialized cells?
a.	vacuoles	c.	cells in a shark’s gills	
b.	cells in a protist	d.	hemoglobin	

____	23.	What is a cell part that performs a specific job for a cell?
a.	an organ	c.	a protist	
b.	an organelle	d.	an amoeba	

____	24.	What do mitochondria do?
a.	Mitochondria store the cell’s DNA and protect the cell.	
b.	Mitochondria break down sugars to make ATP, which the cell uses as a source of energy.	
c.	Mitochondria break down proteins to make DNA, which the cell uses as a source of energy.	
d.	Mitochondria absorb other organelles and use their ATP to provide energy for the cell.	

____	25.	Scientists estimate that the human body is composed of how many cells?
a.	thousands	c.	billions	
b.	millions	d.	trillions	

____	26.	What is the smallest unit that can perform all the processes needed for life?
a.	molecule	c.	cell	
b.	organelle	d.	DNA	

____	27.	What is true of most organisms?
a.	They have trillions of cells.	c.	They have more tissue than organs.	
b.	They are single-celled.	d.	They are complex and multicellular.	

____	28.	Some organisms, such as elephants and dust mites, are
a.	multicellular.	c.	similar structurally.	
b.	prokaryotic.	d.	similar functionally.	

____	29.	In the process of maintenance, materials and cell parts move through the cell along the
a.	exoskeleton.	c.	ribosomes.	
b.	cytoskeleton.	d.	lysosomes.	

____	30.	What are most organisms made of?
a.	one box	c.	a single cell	
b.	many cells	d.	many boxes	

____	31.	In multicellular organisms, what are cells that look similar likely to have?
a.	different sizes	c.	similar sizes	
b.	different structures	d.	similar functions	

____	32.	Humans and elephants are made up of what?
a.	many cells that work together	c.	a single cell and organs	
b.	a single cell and molecules	d.	many organisms that work together	

____	33.	What processes does DNA control in cells and in the organism?
a.	photosynthesis, replication, behavior, and concentration	
b.	growth, reproduction, regulation, and maintenance	
c.	organization, modeling, manufacturing, and engagement	
d.	modification, division, multiplication, and nutrition	

____	34.	What are all prokaryotes?
a.	multicellular organisms	c.	single-celled organisms	
b.	multicellular tissues	d.	single-celled molecules	

____	35.	A brownish scum floating on a pond near the school is alive. Which of the following statements about the scum do you know to be true without even examining it?
a.	It is photosynthetic.	c.	It is composed of cells.	
b.	It is a multicellular organism.	d.	It is eukaryotic.	

____	36.	Mitochondria complete the breakdown of sugars to make ATP, which is used by active cells for energy. Which of the following kinds of cells likely contains the most mitochondria?
a.	a fat cell	c.	a skin cell	
b.	a plant cell	d.	a muscle cell	

____	37.	Serena knows that scientists use physical similarities to classify organisms.  She studies the figures of four different organisms.

Which two organisms should Serena conclude are most closely related? 

a.	1 and 2	
b.	1 and 3	
c.	2 and 3	
d.	2 and 4	

____	38.	As Carolus Linnaeus was growing up, he was interested in botany and in the names of plants. His ideas have influenced generations of biologists. How did Carolus Linnaeus contribute to modern classification systems?

a.	He identified the three domains of life.	
b.	He developed two-part scientific names.	
c.	He standardized common names of organisms.	
d.	He used chemical characteristics to classify organisms.	

____	39.	During a research project, a scientist collects snails from a beach. He finds several snails that have shells that are about the same size and shape. However, the shells have very different patterns and colors. How could the scientist best decide whether the snails belong to different species or all belong to the same species?

a.	He could study how the snails develop.	
b.	He could examine the snails’ RNA and DNA.	
c.	He could classify the snails according to shell color.	
d.	He could look for other physical similarities in the snails.	

____	40.	A science class was studying an organism. Under a microscope, the cells had nuclei, a cell membrane, a cell wall, and chloroplasts. In which kingdom would the organism most likely be classified?

a.	Animalia	
b.	Fungi	
c.	Plantae	
d.	Protista	

____	41.	Charles studies four unknown organisms in Kingdom Animalia. He makes a table, similar to the one that follows, to summarize his findings about the classification of the organisms.

	1	2	3	4	
Phylum	Chordata	Chordata	Chordata	Chordata	
Class	Mammalia	Mammalia	Mammalia	Mammalia	
Order	Carnivora	Carnivora	Carnivora	Carnivora	
Family	Felidae	Felidae	Felidae	Viverridae	
Genus 	Panthera	Acinonyx	Panthera	Paguma	
Species	P. leo	A. jubatus	P. tigris	P. lavarta	
 
Based on the table, which of the organisms will have the most characteristics in common?

a.	1 and 2	
b.	1 and 3	
c.	2 and 4	
d.	3 and 4	

____	42.	What is a major physical characteristic that differs between members of Domains Archaea and Bacteria and members of Domain Eukarya?

a.	Members of Domain Eukarya are less complex than the members of Domains Archaea and Bacteria.	
b.	Members of Domains Archaea and Bacteria are multicellular, and members of Domain Eukarya are usually single-celled organisms.	
c.	Members of Domain Eukarya have cells with membrane-bound organelles, and members of Domains Archaea and Bacteria lack nuclei.	
d.	Members of Domains Bacteria and Archaea have structures for making their own food, and members of Domain Eukarya lack these structures.	

____	43.	Luis is making a chart of compounds that are found in the human body. What is the most common compound found in the human body?
a.	water	
b.	table salt	
c.	carbon dioxide	
d.	sodium bicarbonate	

____	44.	Some dog foods contains corn and wheat that provide the dog with carbohydrates. What do carbohydrates do for an animal’s body?
a.	 provide energy	
b.	 create amino acids	
c.	 form cell membranes	
d.	 speed up chemical reactions	

____	45.	Ms. Salis explains to her class that sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) atoms bond to make table salt (NaCl). Which is the best description of table salt?

a.	It is an atom.	
b.	It is a mixture.	
c.	It is an element.	
d.	It is a compound.	

____	46.	Animals produce enzymes that speed up chemical reactions in their bodies. In which category of molecules do enzymes belong?

a.	lipids	
b.	proteins	
c.	nucleic acids	
d.	carbohydrates	

____	47.	Enzymes are proteins found in cells. What is a purpose of enzymes?

a.	to stop chemical reactions	
b.	to finish chemical reactions	
c.	to speed up chemical reactions	
d.	to slow down chemical reactions	

____	48.	Alejandro is doing a science experiment. He is given a substance containing one of the four main molecules found in the cells of living things. He needs to find out what kind of molecule the substance is made of. He adds a few drops of the molecule to water

Based on the fact that it does not mix with water, what can Alejandro conclude about the molecule?

a.	It is a lipid.	
b.	It is a protein.	
c.	It is a nucleic acid.	
d.	It is a carbohydrate.	

____	49.	A cell’s environment is very important. What happens when the environment around a cell is not stable?
a.	The cell loses nutrients.	
b.	The cell splits and creates two new cells.	
c.	The cell gains too many lipids and carbohydrates. 	
d.	The cell either loses water and dries up or gains too much water and bursts.	

____	50.	Homeostasis is necessary for a cell to survive. What is the definition of homeostasis?

a.	the elimination of wastes	
b.	the division of cells to form new cells	
c.	the maintenance of a stable internal environment	
d.	the process by which energy from the sun is used to make food	

____	51.	Cells must be able to perform certain functions in order to survive. Which of the following must all cells do to survive?

a.	use energy	
b.	use oxygen	
c.	absorb wastes	
d.	continue growing	

____	52.	Plant cells use photosynthesis to make food. Plant cells also use cellular respiration to get energy from the food they make. How is cellular respiration different from photosynthesis?

a.	Photosynthesis produces ATP, and cellular respiration produces sugars.	
b.	Photosynthesis requires oxygen, and cellular respiration requires carbon dioxide.	
c.	Photosynthesis produces oxygen, and cellular respiration produces carbon dioxide.	
d.	Photosynthesis requires energy from food, and cellular respiration requires energy from the sun.	

____	53.	Animals use cellular respiration to get energy from food. Plants use photosynthesis to make food. How are these two processes connected?

a.	They both require energy from sunlight.	
b.	They both provide sugars for cell processes.	
c.	Each process uses the same substances to make energy.	
d.	Each process depends on the products of the other process.	

____	54.	During photosynthesis, plant cells use sunlight as an energy source. Animal cells cannot do this. What substance do plant cells have that animal cells lack so that plant cells can carry out photosynthesis?

a.	ATP	
b.	carbon dioxide	
c.	chlorophyll	
d.	oxygen	

____	55.	Molecules move in and out of a cell by diffusion. The picture shows a cell and molecules both inside and outside the cell.

How will the molecules in this illustration move as a result of diffusion?

a.	into the cell	
b.	out of the cell	
c.	into another cell	
d.	to the external environment	

____	56.	Jorge gently scraped some cells from his cheek. He looked at these cells under a microscope. He then flooded the cells with distilled water and observed osmosis. What will happen to the cells as a result of osmosis?

a.	They will get larger as water diffuses into the cells.	
b.	They will get smaller as water diffuses into the cells.	
c.	They will get larger as water diffuses out of the cells.	
d.	They will get smaller as water diffuses out of the cells.	

____	57.	Molecules can move across a cell membrane through either active transport or passive transport. How are these two processes different?

a.	Passive transport requires energy, and active transport does not.	
b.	Active transport requires energy, and passive transport does not.	
c.	Active transport includes diffusion, and passive transport does not.	
d.	Passive transport includes exocytosis, and active transport does not.	

____	58.	Cells exchange materials with their environment by moving particles through the cell membrane. The following illustration shows one way in which cells do this.

Which process does this illustration show?

a.	diffusion	
b.	endocytosis	
c.	exocytosis	
d.	osmosis	

____	59.	Which of the following moves into and out of a cell through osmosis?

a.	nutrients	
b.	protein	
c.	waste	
d.	water	

____	60.	Jorge looks through a microscope and concludes that the cells he is observing are eukaryotic cells. Which of the following structures did Jorge most likely observe before making his conclusion?
a.	nucleus 	
b.	cytoplasm	
c.	cell membrane	
d.	genetic material	

____	61.	In what way could two eukaryotic cells be different from each other?
a.	One eukaryotic cell could have cytoplasm while another does not.	
b.	One eukaryotic cell could have a cell membrane while another does not.	
c.	Two eukaryotic cells could differ in the number and types of organelles they contain.	
d.	Two eukaryotic cells could differ in the number and types of prokaryotes they contain.	

____	62.	In biology class, Leah observes that the organisms she is studying have a structure that encloses their cells and separates the cytoplasm of their cells from the environment. Which structure does Leah observe?
a.	nucleus	
b.	cytoskeleton	
c.	cell membrane	
d.	genetic material	

____	63.	Pedro examines a tissue sample under a high-powered microscope. He makes a sketch in his lab notebook of one of the cells he observes. His sketch is shown here.

Which label should Pedro use for structure A? 

a.	cytoskeleton	
b.	lysosome	
c.	mitochondrion	
d.	nucleus	

____	64.	Which of the following is true of the DNA of a eukaryotic cell?
a.	It separates cells from their environment.	
b.	It contains information needed to make proteins.	
c.	It is made of proteins and supports a cell’s shape.	
d.	It is found outside the nucleus of a cell in the cytoplasm. 	

____	65.	Which of the following correctly describes cellular respiration?
a.	It takes place in the chloroplasts of most plant cells. 	
b.	It happens only when cells need to produce more proteins.	
c.	It happens in the cellular organelles that do not have a membrane.	
d.	It is the process that breaks down sugars to release energy in the form of ATP.	

____	66.	Duncan wants to be a geneticist and study DNA. He knows that a cell’s DNA controls the production of proteins. A small portion of a protein is shown in the following illustration.

If the entire structure shown represents a protein, then what does the structure labeled A represent?
a.	ATP	
b.	ribosome	
c.	amino acid	
d.	mitochondrion	

____	67.	Jun Ming puts a slide holding an eukaryotic cell under a microscope. The following diagram represents what Jun Ming observes. 

Which of the following choices best describes the structures labeled A?

a.	These structures transport substances throughout the cell.	
b.	These structures contain DNA and a folded inner membrane. 	
c.	These structures produce energy in the form of ATP for the cell.	
d.	These structures are the smallest organelles and do not have membranes.	

____	68.	Which of the following describes the structure of the endoplasmic reticulum?
a.	a system of folded membranes	
b.	a tiny organelle that has no membrane	
c.	a rigid, protective layer found outside the cell membrane	
d.	an organelle surrounded by a double membrane and containing DNA	

____	69.	Which of the following choices includes two structures that are found in plant cells, but not in animal cells?
a.	cell wall, nucleus	
b.	chloroplasts, ribosomes	
c.	lysosomes, mitochondria	
d.	cell wall, large central vacuole	

____	70.	What is the function of the large central vacuole in a plant cell?
a.	water storage and support	
b.	protein production and digestion	
c.	cellular respiration and photosynthesis	
d.	waste disposal and storage of the genetic material